tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19022333515539626962024-02-08T03:26:05.122-08:00Write a 5 paragraph essayWhat Are Some Good Topics For A Descriptive Essaygaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.comBlogger37125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-18086751666335885752020-09-04T00:29:00.001-07:002020-09-04T00:29:13.419-07:00Psychological Testing EssaySingular knowledge tests are of two kinds; Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test and Wechsler tests. They tests individualââ¬â¢s knowledge in number juggling, jargon, cognizance, verbal among different orders. Singular tests are generally utilized in training arrangement, clinical evaluation and to gauge an individualââ¬â¢s aptitudes in the occasion a wide a huge of people are being analyzed (Roid, 2003). Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test is utilized in testing youngsters that are mentally insufficient so as to put them in the specialized curriculum programs. These tests are taken exclusively. Singular tests are portrayed by a few focal points; they make it feasible for the analyst to collaborate with the examinee building up a compatibility in which the association can be watched and evaluated. They likewise give data on why a few strategies and strategies used to quantify knowledge fall flat. Singular tests additionally make it feasible for the analyst to survey an assortment of capacities in examinees as it isn't limited. Singular tests give a superior method of surveying youngsters are genuinely upset (Roid, 2003). These tests make it workable for evaluations to be made on examinees that are in any physical or passionate condition, for example, drained, wiped out or on edge. Gathering insight tests include surveying a progression of various issues in a mass of examinees. They are normally utilized in schools and the military. They could be inclination tests, educational evaluation tests or trial of subjective capacities. They are portrayed by pen and paper, for the most part are time restricted, include nearly nil analyst to examinee cooperation are have numerous options making them simple to score. They are regularly utilized in school and employment situations, and in the investigation of specific standards or wonders in a populace (Santrock, 2008). Gathering tests have the upside of streamlining examinerââ¬â¢s job as they are snappy and simple to regulate. It is additionally conceivable to control them on all the while to enormous quantities of examinees. Scoring in bunch tests is increasingly objective when contrasted with singular tests. Gathering tests are frequently non-verbal (Santrock, 2008). Gathering tests give information that is progressively dependable as they cause it feasible for huge numbers to be contemplated which to give great agent of the whole populace, the subsequent information and end is thusly increasingly solid as it is more delegate of the populace than if the standards were being concentrated in a person as is with singular tests. 7. The focal points and drawbacks of projective versus target character evaluation techniques Projective character appraisal strategy is a test that includes utilization of open-finished inquiries to inspect the individual being tried. Projective tests include questions that are unstructured consequently give the individual being analyzed more opportunity to react in the fitting path when contrasted with target tests. These tests regularly require the examinee to react to improvements that is uncertain (Hilsenroth and Segal, 2004). It depends on the way that individuals react to upgrades that are uncertain in manners that uncover their sentiments, wants and needs. The benefit of this strategy is that makes it feasible for the analyst to contemplate and look at oblivious parts of subjectââ¬â¢s character. These tests are not straightforward henceforth make no open door for subjects to lie or phony their character characteristics. The shortcoming of projective tests is that the gathered data isn't as solid and reasonable as is required. This depends on the way that the therapists that utilization the technique accept that the subjects can not lie about their character. Investigating information gathered by this technique can be tedious and tiring as it needs the analyst to experience it without anyone else. New innovation, for example, PC scoring which is quick can not be utilized in this technique (Hilsenroth and Segal, 2004). Target character appraisal strategy includes the utilization of inquiries and things that are normalized, explicit and clear in testing people under examination. These tests are described by restricted decision of the examineeââ¬â¢s reactions. The vast majority of the inquiries are structured with the end goal that they require yes or no, and valid or bogus reactions. Target testing has a few favorable circumstances. Target strategies quick to do. This is ascribed to the way that the appropriate responses required are order and needn't bother with the respondents to think or develop the appropriate responses giving pointless subtleties that sit around (Hilsenroth and Segal, 2004). This empowers the information to be gathered and dissected inside a brief timeframe profiting results inside the necessary time. This technique is likewise progressively conservative when contrasted with the projective testing strategy. This on the grounds that the inquiries are anything but difficult to get ready and the way that all they need is yes or no reactions infers that they don't require a great deal of room. This saves money on the expense of printing the poll as less pages are required. The inquiries are additionally simple to answer making the scientist to gather the required information quick consequently doesn't invest a ton of energy in the field which sets aside cash that would have been utilized on upkeep and transport. Target test strategies likewise make it feasible for innovation to be utilized, for example, PC scoring which is quicker, not so much tiring but rather more effective when contrasted with projective tests that require the analyst to experience the reactions without anyone else so as to think of the outcomes ( Hilsenroth and Segal, 2004). . Like some other strategy, target appraisal strategies additionally have inconveniences. These strategies as a rule include questions that are straightforward which makes the people under investigation to comprehend what the therapists need to concentrate in them. This makes them falsehood or produce answers. In the occasion the individual completing the test does exclude lie scales which give data to the specialist on the probability of the subject lying at that point wrong information is gathered. This tests additionally described by assortment of one-sided information as it gives chance to the subject to react not the status quo but rather the manner in which they wish things were. (Hilsenroth and Segal, 2004). The structure of the inquiries doesn't permit the subjects to include more data their yes or no, valid or bogus answers. This could make the clinician pass up a great opportunity o9n essential data. 3. A portion of the confusions concerning the contrasts among fitness and accomplishment tests. Accomplishment tests are the regular tests that are normally given out in study halls and instructive evaluations. They are utilized to test what an individual can do or what they know. They are generally regulated after some action to test if people have gotten a handle on whatever was being instructed. Models are study hall tests, consistent appraisal tests, driving tests, last assessments among others. Accomplishment tests in school are utilized to decide if understudies comprehend what has been instructed, which classes to put them, they are likewise used to rate schools and foresee an individualââ¬â¢s achievement in specific controls in future in the event that they are progressing nicely. Fitness tests as a rule are completed to survey the psychological capacities of people. These tests dependent on the idea that natural mental capacities of people can be estimated. Inclination tests are normally completed to test studentââ¬â¢s mental capacity as they are accepted to give an image of how the understudy can perform scholastically. It is accepted that the individuals who breeze through the assessment qualify scholastically for what course they are applying for. Instances of fitness test incorporate SATs. Fitness tests have been alluded to as quality estimation on ones mental capacity. Notwithstanding, pundits of the idea contend that natural capacities can not be estimated thus the test simply like some other test is utilized to quantify what an individual has had the option to accomplish when the test is being completed. The aftereffects of this test henceforth exhibit the individualsââ¬â¢ accomplishment in the subjects that were being tried on. This is valid despite what the subject the inquiries are trying on. In that capacity, inclination tests are a lot of equivalent to accomplishment tests. The distinction between the two tests anyway is in the presumption about people that step through the two examinations. With inclination test, there is a misguided judgment that there is equivalent chance to learn for everybody stepping through the examination. It likewise is accepted that the enthusiasm of people taking fitness test in learning is equivalent and furthermore in exhibiting the scholarly capacity on the test. With accomplishment test it is accepted that the tests for the most part depend on directions of a course or on some preparation that isn't really accessible to all the people stepping through the examination. The misguided judgment concerning the distinction between the two tests in this manner lies in the suspicion that there is equivalent open door for going in fitness tests while accomplishment tests must be passed by the individuals who approach the course or preparing directions. 6. Data is probably accumulated by the normal projective procedure Projective strategies are techniques for evaluating character attributes of people that utilization addresses that are unstructured and not explicit. The inquiries utilized in this method are not straightforward inferring that the people being examined can not distinguish what the analyst or a clinician is looking from them (Lilienfeld, Wood and Garb, 2001). Normally projective procedure is utilized to examine reaction of subjects to questions or circumstances that are vague. It is seen that the way that these circumstances are not known to the subjects will empower them to react fittingly without lying or change their character. It is accepted that people react to equivocal circumstances and inquiries in a genuine manner. Their reaction to these circumstances that they don't plainly comprehend draws out their actual character as it there is no open door for falsehood or character to be alte gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-38294474897779735372020-08-25T17:51:00.001-07:002020-08-25T17:51:11.570-07:00How does Dickens examine the social problems of his age in A Christmas Carol?ââ¬â¢ EssayThrough the character of Ebenezer Scrooge; Dickens watches the social issues of the world inside the novel A Christmas Carol. Dickens inspects the social issues this world faces which a few of us may have considered now and again, anyway none challenging enough to remark on like Dickens have done. The social issues that Dickens spreads out inside his novel, A Christmas Carol however the character of Ebenezer Scrooge include: Christmas is only a period of a year where you are left less fortunate, without cash you can't be cheerful throughout everyday life, lastly Observes that you should care for yourself and just yourself throughout everyday life. Christmas is only a season where you are left more unfortunate. This assessment is appeared inside the novel A Christmas Carol, through the character of Ebenezer Scrooge. Ebenezer Scrooge expressed ââ¬Å"Whatââ¬â¢s Christmas time to you yet a period for taking care of tabs without cash; a period for getting yourself a year more seasoned, yet not an hour more extravagant; a period for adjusting your books and having each thing in ââ¬â¢em through a cycle dozen of months introduced dead against you?â⬠This is one perspective about Christmas, anyway Dickens additionally watched Christmas in an entire lighter sense through the character of Ebenezer Scroogeââ¬â¢s nephew Fred. Fred shared an entire diverse method of watching Christmas when he expressed ââ¬Å"I have consistently thought of Christmas time, when it has come round â⬠aside from the worship because of its sacrosanct name and starting point, in the event that anything having a place with it tends to be separated from that â⬠as a decent time: a sort, excusing, beneficent, lovely time: the main time I am aware of, in the long schedule of the year, when people appear by one agree to open their shut-up hearts uninhibitedly, and to consider individuals beneath them as though they truly were individual travelers to the grave, and not another race of animals bound on other journeys.â⬠These are two totally different and clashing perceptions saw and introduced inside A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens. Without cash you can't be glad. This similarity is introduced by and by through the character of Ebenezer Scrooge in his clashing encounter with his nephew Fred. After Ebenezer Scroogeââ¬â¢s nephew; Fred hoped for the best a piece excessively far with his ââ¬Å"merry Christmasâ⬠¦ God blessâ⬠discourse, Ebenezer Scrooge drew out the entirety of his contemplations to the table expressing essentially that you can't most likely be glad on the off chance that you have no cash. Ebenezer Scrooge has expressed this when he referenced 'Happy Christmas! What right have you to be joyful? what reason have you to be cheerful? Youââ¬â¢re poor enough.â⬠Or what about this following explanation when Ebenezer Scrooge noticed the accompanying; ââ¬Å"Much great may it do you! Much good it has ever done you!â⬠(at the end of the day expressing that great just gets from benefit and not bliss.) lastly the last statement ââ¬Å"My agent, with fifteen shillings per week, and a spo use and family, discussing a happy Christmas. Iââ¬â¢ll resign to Bedlam.â⬠This is one of Dickens assessments of the social issues inside our reality, introduced through the character of Ebenezer Scrooge. You should take care of yourself and just yourself throughout everyday life, is the Last and last perception from Mr. Dickens on the point concerning the social issues of his age in a Christmas Carol. Mr. Dickens makes this exceptionally understood through the Character of Ebenezer Scrooge in the novel A Christmas Carol through the standing up to and some might be horrendous remarks. Tightwad expresses the accompanying; ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t make joyful myself at Christmas and I canââ¬â¢t bear to make inert individuals merry.â⬠Or ââ¬Å"If they would prefer dieâ⬠¦.they would do well to do it, and reduction the excess population.â⬠And the last statement; ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s not my business,â⬠Scrooge returned. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s enough for a man to comprehend his own business, and not to meddle with others. Mine possesses me continually. Good evening, gentlemen!â⬠Dickens has brought an immense assortment of perceptions towards the subject, the social issues of his age in the novel A Christmas Carol. Most of perceptions were introduced through the character of Ebenezer Scrooge, anyway one assessment was introduced by Ebenezer Scroogeââ¬â¢s nephew called Fred. This tale was made to open the psyches of the standard to see different ways the uncommon individual may see and watch life, circumstances, and Christmas. gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-9157807313359231082020-08-22T21:15:00.001-07:002020-08-22T21:15:17.345-07:00Utopia and Contemporary Identity TheftIt has become an intricate issue to battle social issues with ever-expanding issues of robbery in the advanced world. The world has gotten a lot of cutting edge as correspondence has surpassed from its normal limits. Worries for security reason have gotten apparently exceptionally basic in this regards.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Utopia and Contemporary Identity Theft explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article composed by Jennifer Saranow Schultz specifically Rising Cost of Identity Theft for Consumers acquaints us with a fresher sort of burglary alluded to fraud. Sir Thomas More has moderately examined a system of countering the issue of burglary in his book Utopia in which a perfect of a socio-politically adjusted society has been anticipated. This paper delineates contemporary social issue of burglary from a paper article alongside a system to counter it as proposed by Sir Thomas More. The writer of the article Jennifer Saranow c laims that data fraud is a regularly expanding social issue. In the progressed mechanical period, it has expanded its proportion of predominance. The creator has announced a lot of insights to introduce an exhaustive situation of the circumstance. Assessed figures that have been refered to from the 2011 character extortion review reports are asserting that around 8.1 million record holders have experienced data fraud (Saranow). A yearly report of the study has consolidated upgrade of social issue. The creator asserts that fraud is being embraced in pretty much all aspects of the world with little endeavors put by cheats to take up money related subtleties. Regarding the article, wholesale fraud has been characterized as a demonstration which is embraced to take monetary profits from the recorded data (Saranow). In the event that an exhaustive research is directed, at that point it becomes obvious that regularly expanding measurements of data fraud have contributed in a progressively interrelated issue in a general public. For greater part of individuals, robbery may remain taking of effects however now its definition has gotten huge as now criminals can take personality of an individual. As a result of wholesale fraud, a lot of experts needed to go over challenges, for example, defaulter fines and money related misfortune. The technique to counter wholesale fraud is to apply the proposed strategies by Sir Thomas More. In his book Utopia, Sir Thomas More has introduced a perfect of socio-political society where each robbery is analyzed and afterward hoodlums are rebuffed for their demonstration. As per Thomas, a cheat who attempts a burglary must be rebuffed inside a similar recurrence. For example, on the off chance that robbery has been directed by butchering the other individual, at that point the guilty party should be butchered before citizenry with the goal that it could turn into a commendable execution (More, Robinson and Sacks).Advertising Looking for paper on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, banter has additionally been noted in the book of Thomas More regarding wrongdoing that has been submitted. The creator apparently introduced a contention for the individuals who accept that burglary must not be rebuffed. The creator has additionally bolstered his case with various executions that could be applied to counter social shades of malice, for example, data fraud (Lupton). With the utilization of strategy for Thomas More that weights on rebuffing burglary as for their wrongdoings, one might say that a lot of social issues could be countered. If there should be an occurrence of fraud by taking data from cutting edge figuring frameworks, cheats must be found with precise following virtual products. The exchanges of monetary subtleties are recorded by practically all money related establishments. In a specific way, monetary foundations can be considered a s answerable for such burglaries since they need security checks. As Sir Thomas More guaranteed that those disciplines ought to be sentences that don't complete the malicious brain of guilty party immediately. Criminals must be kept in jail for a timeframe that would be sufficient to change his character. Besides, the idea of socio-politically stable society expresses that everything that is plundered must return as a cost paid by the guilty party (More, Robinson and Sacks). The disturbing measurable data gave in the article by Jennifer alludes to a framework that has become intricately in-combatable. The oppression of guilty parties in the cutting edge world can't be polished for a more extended period as the strategies for Thomas More can give fighting measures. As Thomas More has asserted in his book that cash should remain steadily in each class so the interest doesn't rise egotistically. Budgetary foundations need to ensure that they have plans to enable the individuals who to need cash and force. On the off chance that discipline is considered as an exit plan to battle, at that point it will likewise be noticed that establishments of security worries in the propelled world are additionally required (Lupton). Through the above conversation, it goes to our understanding that data fraud is expanding with higher rate each year. It is a result of the expansion in the wholesale fraud that individuals experience began to confront difficulties in their money related exercises. The conversation additionally asserts that devoted reaction to robberies must be embraced as it alludes to a socio-politically stable society. The article composed by Jennifer gives a foundation to a social issue which is potential to be fought by the proposed technique for Sir Thomas More. Works Cited Lupton, J. The Utopia of Sir Thomas More. New York: BiblioLife, 2009.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Utopia and Contemporary Identity Theft explicitly for you for jus t $16.05 $11/page Learn More, T, R Robinson and D. Sacks. Perfect world. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1999. Saranow, J. ââ¬Å"The Rising Cost of Identity Theft for Consumers.â⬠The New York Times 9 February 2011. This article on Utopia and Contemporary Identity Theft was composed and presented by client Zuri Harrington to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here. gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-61597719255246717092020-08-22T05:19:00.001-07:002020-08-22T05:19:38.690-07:00American Psycho,The Slumber Party Massacre,Office Killer and Sister My Movie ReviewAmerican Psycho,The Slumber Party Massacre,Office Killer and Sister My Sister - Movie Review Example During an essential scene of the film Bateman admits under the steady gaze of his legal advisor that he is a ââ¬Å"pretty debilitated guyâ⬠and in another scene, he tells, ââ¬Å"I like to dismember young ladies. Did you know Iââ¬â¢m completely insane?â⬠Bateman is defenseless to backtrack from the way of craziness and the most exceedingly terrible things are available for him. He is to be felt sorry for instead of denounced; the world he lives in is barbarous to him. The unconcealed commercialization, the earth of bigotry where he has been raised, the twofold confronted society and individuals wearing veils and remain far away from the quest for truth, inner magnificence squashed by distraught race for physical excellence, and the world brimming with negativities saw from all closures, what more is required to make the man insane and turn crazy? He needs to strike back at the general public that has been savage to him. The watchers must know the reasons that land him i n the pitiable state of mind. The ground real factors identified with the materialistic human progress affected by mechanical development, the web transformation, and globalization, have inundated the general public in a major scale and Bateman is the loss of such a spoiled society. The setting of the book identifies with the year 1989. Be that as it may, the film is set two years sooner, bringing about gross anomalies. There is where Patrick peruses the 1987 Zagatââ¬â¢s study. The broadcast discourse of President Ronald Regan is set in the last scene. The President, indeed, has demitted the workplace when the occasions in the novel happen. The film has a significant issue from the perspective of the observing crowd. To comprehend the character of Detective Kimball, one needs to benefit the administrations of another analyst! His mentality and tendencies are hard to comprehend. Why he is doing, what he is doing? Maybe the concerned investigator can just answer this inquiry. He is a three-dimensional character. Initially, apparently the analyst knows that Bateman has murdered the character, Paul Allen. Besides, an impression is accumulated that the criminologist is uninformed that Bateman has submitted the homicide. Thirdly, the investigator isn't sure whether Bateman is Allenââ¬â¢s killer. To keep the crowd in the phase of vulnerability is the intentional arrangement of the chief. Bateman is an aimless, goal less and is an unhinged person. In any wrongdoing show the hero can't be an awesome character, and ââ¬Å"American Psychoâ⬠, is no special case to this pattern in the American films. Christian Bale as the Wall Street blue-looked at youngster Patrick Bateman is un-Christian like in the entirety of his killings. He has some duty in his fatherââ¬â¢s organization and his enthusiasm and magnification for riches are not out of the financial necessities. The homicides submitted by him are purposeful and deliberate. His life is overwhelmed in giganti c riches but then the effect of realism is so substantial on his outlook, being frantic after murderous exercises. One marvels whether this manââ¬â¢s soul is worked upon, expelled from its place to transplant some evil form there and above all what are the conditions that drive him to such a miserable position? gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-74653833913113738092020-08-21T18:57:00.001-07:002020-08-21T18:57:14.854-07:00ABC Analysis for Inventory Management EssayIn flexibly chain, ABC examination is a stock order technique which comprises in partitioning things into three classes, A, B and C: A being the most significant things, C being the least important ones. This strategy means to draw managersââ¬â¢ consideration on the basic few (Aitems) and not on the paltry many (C-things). Prioritization of the administration consideration Inventory enhancement is basic so as to monitor costs inside the gracefully chain. However, so as to take full advantage of the executives endeavors, it is productive to concentrate on things that cost most to the business. The Pareto standard expresses that 80% of the general utilization esteem depends on just 20% of absolute things. At the end of the day, request isn't equally dispersed between things: top dealers incomprehensibly beat the rest. The ABC approach expresses that, when assessing stock, an organization should rate things from A to C, putting together its appraisals with respect to the accompanying standards: A-things are products which yearly utilization esteem is the most elevated. The main 70-80% of the yearly utilization estimation of the organization ordinarily represents just 10-20% of all out stock things. C-things are, unexpectedly, things with the most reduced utilization esteem. The lower 5% of the yearly utilization esteem ordinarily represents half of all out stock things. B-things are the interclass things, with a medium utilization esteem. Those 15-25% of yearly utilization esteem regularly represents 30% of all out stock things. The yearly utilization esteem is determined with the equation: (Annual interest) x (thing cost per unit). Through this arrangement, the gracefully supervisor can recognize stock problem areas, and separate them from the remainder of the things, particularly those that are various yet not so beneficial. The accompanying advances will disclose to you the order of things into A, B and C classes. 1. Discover the unit cost and the use of every material over a given period. 2. Duplicate the unit cost by the assessed yearly use to get the net worth. 3. Rundown out all the things and orchestrate them in the plummeting esteem. (Yearly Value) 4. Amass worth and include number of things and ascertain rate on all out stock in esteem and in number. 5. Draw a bend of rate things and rate esteem. 6. Separate from the bend the discerning furthest reaches of A, B and C classifications. Internet business model The diagram above delineates the yearly deals dissemination of a US eCommerce in 2011 for all items that have been sold in any event one. Items are positioned beginning with the most noteworthy deals volumes. Out of 17000 references: Top 2500 items (Top 15%) speak to 70% of the deals. Next 4000 items (Next 25%) speak to 20% of the deals. Base 10500 items (Bottom 60%) speaks to 10% of the deals. Stock administration strategies Strategies dependent on ABC investigation influence the business awkwardness delineated by the Pareto standard. This infers every thing ought to get a gauged treatment relating to its group: ï⠷ A-things ought to have tight stock control, more made sure about capacity regions and better deals estimates. Reorders ought to ought to be visit, with week after week or even every day reorder. Maintaining a strategic distance from stock-outs on A-things is a need. Reordering C-things is made less oftentimes. An ordinarily stock approach for C-things comprise of having just 1 unit close by, and of reordering just when a genuine buy is made. This methodology prompts stock-out circumstance after each buy which can be a satisfactory circumstance, as the C-things present both low interest and higher danger of over the top stock expenses. For C-things, the inquiry isn't so much what number of units do we store? but instead do we by any chance keep this thing coming up? B-things profit by a halfway status among An and C. A significant part of class B is the observing of potential advancement toward class An or, in the opposite, around the class C. Parting things in A, B and C classes is generally self-assertive. This gathering just speaks to a somewhat direct understanding of the Pareto guideline. By and by, deals volume isn't the main metric that gauges the significance of a thing. Edge yet in addition the effect of a stock-out on the matter of the customer ought to likewise impact the stock procedure. Acquisition and Warehouse Applications The aftereffects of an ABC Analysis reach out into various other stock control and the board forms: 1. Survey of loading levels â⬠As with ventures, past outcomes are no assurance of future execution. Be that as it may, ââ¬Å"Aâ⬠things will for the most part have more noteworthy effect on anticipated venture and buying spend, and in this manner ought to be overseen all the more forcefully as far as least and greatest stock levels.Obsolescence audit â⬠By definition, inert things will tumble to the base of the organized rundown. In this manner, the base of the ââ¬Å"Câ⬠classification is the best spot to begin when playing out an occasional outdated nature audit. 2. Cycle checking â⬠The higher the utilization, the greater action a thing is probably going to have, thus the more noteworthy probability that exchange issues will bring about stock blunders. In this way, to guarantee precise record adjusts, higher need things are cycle checked all the more every now and again. For the most part ââ¬Å"Aâ⬠things are tallied once every quarter; ââ¬Å"Bâ⬠t hings once like clockwork; and ââ¬Å"Câ⬠things once like clockwork. 3. Distinguishing things for potential transfer or merchant loading â⬠Since ââ¬Å"Aâ⬠things will in general greaterly affect venture, these future the best possibility to research the potential for elective stocking game plans that would lessen speculation obligation and related conveying costs. 4. Turnover proportions and related stock objectives â⬠By definition, ââ¬Å"Aâ⬠things will have more noteworthy utilization than ââ¬Å"Bâ⬠or ââ¬Å"Câ⬠things, and therefore ought to have more prominent turnover proportions. While setting up venture and turnover measurements, stock information can be isolated by ABC grouping, with various focuses for every classification. Meaning of ââ¬ËInventory Turnoverââ¬â¢ A proportion indicating how often a companyââ¬â¢s stock is sold and supplanted over a period. the Intermittent Review To make the best utilization of ABC arrangements, the examination ought to be finished in any event on a yearly premise, and all the more regularly as essential. Other Inventory Classification Techniques HML Classifications The High, medium and Low (HML) characterization follows a similar method as is received in ABC arrangement. Just contrast is that in HML, the order unit esteem is the standard and not the yearly utilization esteem. The things of stock ought to be recorded in the sliding request of unit worth and it is dependent upon the administration as far as possible for three classifications. For models, the administration may conclude that all units with unit estimation of Rs. 2000 or more will be H things, Rs. 1000 to 2000 M things and not as much as Rs. 1000 L things. The HML examination is helpful for keeping command over utilization at departmental levels, for choosing the recurrence of physical check, and for controlling buys. VED Classification While in ABC, grouping inventories are ordered based on their utilization esteem and in HML investigation the unit esteem is the premise, criticality of inventories is the reason for fundamental, basic and alluring classification. The VED investigation is done to decide the criticality of a thing and its impact on creation and different administrations. It is exceptionally utilized for grouping of extra parts. On the off chance that a section is imperative it is given V characterization, on the off chance that it is basic, at that point it is given E arrangement and on the off chance that it isn't so basic, the part is given D grouping. For V things, an enormous supply of stock is commonly kept up, while for D things, least stock is sufficient. SDE Classification The SDE investigation depends on the accessibility of things and is valuable with regards to shortage of gracefully. In this investigation, S alludes to rare things, by and large imported, and those which are hard to come by. D alludes to troublesome things which are accessible indigenously however are troublesome things to obtain. Things which need to originate from removed spots or for which solid providers are hard to get fall into D class. E alludes to things which are anything but difficult to obtain and which are accessible in the neighborhood markets. The SDE arrangement, in view of issues looked in acquirement, is indispensable to the lead time examination and in settling on buying procedures. FSN Analysis FSN represents quick moving, slow moving and immobile. Here, order depends on the example of issues from stores and is helpful in controlling out of date quality. To complete a FSN investigation, the date of receipt or the last date of issue, whichever is later, is taken to decide the quantity of months, which have slipped by since the last exchange. The things are normally gathered in times of a year. FSN examination is useful in recognizing dynamic things which should be evaluated normally and surplus things which must be analyzed further. Stationary things might be inspected further and their removal can be thought of. gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-37779634232045071652020-08-07T08:19:00.001-07:002020-08-07T08:19:03.312-07:00Depression as a Systemic DiseaseDepression as a Systemic Disease Depression Diagnosis Print Depression as a Systemic Disease Is Depression a Disease? By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 27, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD on January 27, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Natalie Board / EyeEm /Getty Images A common question as we make advances in our understanding of depression is the following: Is depression a disease? To answer this question, it is helpful to consider both the features of depression as well as the meaning of various ways of conceptualizing depression as a mental disorder, illness, or disease. Depression as a Systemic Illness There is an increasing trend toward evidence supporting the theory of depression as a systemic disease. A systemic illness is one that affects the whole body rather than just a single body part or organ system. This differs from a localized illness that only affects a single part of the body. Definitions of mental and physical illness may overlap more than researchers previously thoughtâ"such that the distinction between illness of the mind and illness of the body is blurred. Could it be that depression, an illness that can be treated with psychotherapy, can have an influence on the physical body, and if so, what does that mean? Labeling depression as a disease does not entirely capture the complex nature of the illness. However, it is a move toward understanding it as a disorder of both the mind and body. What Is Clinical Depression? What the Research Says Evidence to support depression as a systemic disease comes in the form of biological changes that are seen in patients with depression. For example, inflammation, neuroendocrine regulation, platelet activity, autonomic nervous system activity, and skeletal homeostasis can all be influenced by depression. In this way, it is possible to see how depression could have a relationship to conditions like heart disease, cancer, and diabetesâ"the very illnesses to which it is being compared. If depression is related to your immune response, how might that look? A meta-analysis conducted at the University of Granada and published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry examined changes in the bodies of depressed people based on 29 previously published studies. It was found that depression caused an imbalance in antioxidants and free radicals that can potentially damage the cells of the body, also referred to as oxidative stress.?? After these patients with depression received treatment, their levels of malondialdehyde, a biomarker indicating oxidative stress went back down to healthy levels. In addition, it was shown that their levels of zinc and uric acid rose back to normal levels after treatment. Physical Indicators of Depression Research may help to explain why people with depression often complain of physical symptoms like sleeping too much or too little, fatigue, and appetite changes. It is suggested that this may also help to explain why patients with depression tend to have shorter lifespans. We also know that some medical conditions can lead to depressive symptoms, such as hypothyroidism. Depression is not simply a problem of the mind, but rather a complex disorder with both biological and social causes connecting the mind and body. What the Future Holds This type of research also suggests advances in how we diagnose depression, beyond screening from a list of symptoms. In the not too distant future, people may even be able to receive a biomarker test that indicates their level of depression. What's in a Name? Does it matter if we call depression a mental disorder or a systemic disease? Confusion can stem from calling it strictly a disease, along the lines of diabetes, because we know that you cant treat a disease like diabetes with talk therapy.On the other hand, considering depression as strictly a mental disorder doesnt capture the complex nature of the illness and may not motivate people experiencing it to try methods of getting better that dont just involve their mind. Features of Depression According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), depression is diagnosed when five or more of the following symptoms (summarized for the purposes of this article) have been present in the same two-week period and represent a change from your previous functioning. At least one of the symptoms must be either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure: Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every dayMarkedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every daySignificant weight loss or weight gain (without intentional dieting) or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every dayInsomnia or hypersomnia nearly every dayPsychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every dayFatigue or loss of energy nearly every dayFeelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every dayDiminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness nearly every dayRecurrent thoughts of death or recurrent suicidal ideation In addition, the symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment in daily life and not be attributed to another medical condition or the effects of substance use. Considering the above list of symptoms, its troubling to think about depression strictly as a disorder of the mind. Indeed, the many bodily manifestations of depression suggest that there is more going on than we once thought. Its important to remember that the mind and body are both parts of a larger system and that they interact and influence each other. Signs of Depression Illness Definitions Depression has been referred to as a mental disorder, mental illness, and a systemic disease. While there is certainly overlap between these terms, each has a unique definition that we can consider when trying to understand what exactly depression is. A mental disorder can be considered an illness that disrupts your normal mental functioning (just as a physical disorder would be one that disrupts your normal physical functioning). Examples of mental disorders are depression, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).A mental illness would be considered largely the same thing as a sickness affecting the mind. Examples of mental illness are the same as above, though some might lean toward thinking of schizophrenia or bipolar disorderâ"illnesses with more obvious symptoms and that are traditionally thought of as being treated with medication first.In contrast, a disease is generally considered a problem of the bodys functioning that produces symptoms. Examples might include heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. A systemic disease is one that affects the entire body, not just one organ or part. Its easy to see how considering depression a systemic disease along the likes of hypertension or diabetes will require a massive shift in traditional perspectives of mental illness and mental disorders. However, the fact that this is not the traditional way of thinking about depression does not mean that it cannot be accurate. Over time, many of our perceptions of the world change as we gain an appreciation for our past misconceptions. This might also be the case for depression. Treating Depression as a Systemic Illness If depression is considered within the context of a systemic illness, what does this mean in terms of treatment? Beyond the obvious connection to pharmacological treatments such as antidepressant medication, it suggests that changes that impact the systems of the body may also help to alleviate depression. While mind-focused treatments are important, those that target systems of the body may also be key. For example, treatment approaches that address physical factors such as nutrition, sleep, and exercise can be a useful complement to medical and psychotherapeutic treatments. Taking a more whole-body approach can be an effective approach when treating depression. In many cases, combining psychotherapy, medications, and self-care strategies can be more impactful than simply relying on a single approach alone. Coping With Depression If you are living with depression, it is important to know how to cope with it both in terms of your mind and body. While talk therapy such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) targets the mental causes of depression, and medication can target chemical imbalances in the body, there are other approaches you can take as well. In general, promoting body and cellular health will be beneficial if you have depression. Some steps you can take to cope include: Getting regular exerciseSpending time outdoors (in sunlight)Maintaining a regular sleep scheduleEating a healthy diet When you consider depression as a whole-body illness, it makes sense to approach it from multiple angles. Of course, your ability to make these changes will depend on the severity of your depression. The Best Online Resources for Depression A Word From Verywell Most people with depression dont seek help or receive it. They may feel that their depression is a moral failing on their part. In this way, referring to depression as a systemic disease may help to remove some stigma from this complex disorder. Just because depression can be treated with psychological therapy does not mean the physiological ramifications are any less severe. Seek help for your depression symptoms, just as you would any other illness. Severe cases of depression, in particular, are best treated by a mental health professional who can devise a plan that combines multiple components such as medication, talk therapy, and lifestyle changes. Tips for Living With Depression gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-19173130471932262832020-06-23T02:34:00.001-07:002020-06-23T02:34:03.744-07:00In Defense of Folk Psychology Essay - 275 WordsIn Defense of Folk Psychology (Essay Sample) Content: Name [Professors Name][Course Name]9th November 2012In Defense of Folk PsychologyIntroductionThe use of folk psychology has been practiced by people since civilization. However, the folk psychology has not found its rightful place in the academic circles since many scholars differ on the applicability of folk psychology using scientific methods. Invariably, discussions on folk psychology has revolved around the terms belief and desire and in the process overshadowed other terms that could lead to better understanding and even applicability of the field to everyday life. This paper is an argument in the favor of folk psychology as an important part of academic fields that need to develop like any other field. The IssueThe recent past has seen increased debate on the issue of folk psychology among philosophers and developmental psychologists. However, there is a strong feeling among the scholars that folk psychology is not well-anchored in the literature and academic ci rcles as it has continued to elicit mixed reactions among the scholars themselves. Arguments have been advanced for and against the development of folk psychology in regard to the applicability and use in the psychology. Evidently, the confusion engulfing folk psychology has been extrapolated by the folk psychology scholars themselves as they continue to argue for and against folk psychology. My purpose for this essay is to show that folk psychology is significant in contributions to the scientific study.Method and PresuppositionsIn the study of folk psychology, the question has always been to enquire the extent to which scientific approaches can protect commonsense as the foundation of folk psychology (Baron-Cohen, Tager-Flusberg, Cohen, 7). The most obvious and immediate answer has always been that the scientific understanding of commonsense has precipitated the exemption of folk psychology a scientifically sound study.The current understanding of what constitutes folk psychology underlines the work that was done by the first philosophers who theorized about the field. As time elapses and more philosophers and academicians become interested in the field, folk psychology has continued to gather variant names with some suggesting that folk psychology is actually cognitive psychology. Those who hold such views opines that folk psychology should be dropped as it is now swallowed up by more scientific psychology fields owing to their experiment ability and measurability of what constitutes as evidences. On one side of this argument are those scholars like Fodor and Dretske, who argue that the justification of folk psychology as a science will be done by the science itself (Baron-Cohen, Tager-Flusberg, Cohen, 7). In other words, their argument is founded on the fact that folk psychology itself contains inherent elements that makes it a science even if those elements are not clear to a layman observer. On the other hand, there are eliminate materialists like Churc hland and Stich who argue that the empiricism of folk psychology makes it susceptible to replacement by a more scientific approach to the understanding of human behavior with far much better conceptual resources. The proceeding arguments have been that just like folk biology has been shelved, thanks to the lack of scientific evidences to back it up. As such, Baron-Cohen, Tager-Flusberg, Cohen (7) observe that calls have been upfront to abandon folk psychology in favor of more scientifically oriented theories. This therefore, forms the basis on which there has been increased calls to abandon folk psychology as science will not justify the continued application of folk psychology. In order to folk psychology is significant in the contribution to scientific study, I shall attempt to show that folk psychology encompasses items and models that can lead to measurements and experiments to prove assertions. I also intend to show that folk psychology is a wide area and the perceived simila r branches are simply nothing but branches of the larger folk psychology. Finally, I intend to show that the current controversy on the applicability of folk psychology in scientific study is simply a result of terminological misunderstandings between philosophers and developmental psychologists. I presuppose that Baron-Cohen, Tager-Flusberg, Cohen (7) rightly identifies necessary and relevant conditions that must be met by an area of study like folk psychology, before becoming a scientific area of study. The Text's ArgumentAccording to Cooney (3), folk psychology is hinged on the three pillars that determine its applicability in the understanding of human behaviors. The three pillars are that folk psychology is a set of practices that are common to human practices. The second pillar is that folk psychology itself accounts for what initiates human being to engage in certain practices at a given time. And the final pillar is that which underlies the ability to engage those activities and practically account for the occurrence of those activities. Cooney (3) claims that a scientifically sound branch of study involves experiment and measurements that can be quantified to bring about concrete evidences that show that something is tangible. Many people view a scientific study to be viable and feasible when the evident produced has undergone through an agreed process and mechanism that makes its findings absolute and that which is beyond any challenge. Folk psychology is therefore considered only as the everyday way of understanding people without any input from the person that seeks to understand the other. Thus, for Cooney (4), folk psychology only consists of predicates that help be to understand the human behaviors without paying attention on how they get to conceive and process that information. The act of understanding human behaviors therefore is placed in the mind of the people as it can only be conceived by the person who is seeking to understand but not th e one who seeks to understand why the other person understand.As argued by Baron-Cohen, Tager-Flusberg, Cohen (7) the study of folk psychology does not depend on whether the human practices are determined by the human engagement or what comes in between the practices. This is because the two are always intertwined as philosophers in folk psychology continues to invariably to refer to it as commonsense and use of similar and almost primary terms of beliefs, desires, and propositional attitudes. The challenge in this case is the lack of delimitation of the human practices that folk psychology seeks to bring to light the issue of folk psychology in the scientific terms. Ultimately, the argument that Baron-Cohen, Tager-Flusberg, Cohen (7) advance is that folk psychology does not present any evidence whether really or assumed that can make it to qualify a scientific study of the human behaviors. I argue that the conception of folk psychology as a science is inherently presented in the m ethods and models that have been developed and which can be subjected to analysis in order to come up be absolute observations an analysis. Analysis of the Text's ArgumentIn relation to the above claims, it is necessary therefore to present the argument that shows that the arguments for the exclusion of folk psychology as a science are only limited to the extent argued by Cooney (3). Evidently, folk psychology presents a number of empirical and theoretical foundations that makes it a more science than even some of the well established sciences known to scholars. In the first part I argued that folk psychology encompasses elements that can be subject to measurement and experiment. Apparently, these are the main instruments that are used to determine whether something can be explained in scientific terms or not. To claim that understanding of human behavior presents the hard question is to be myopic and limited in scope.Several philosophers have explored ways through which human bein gs conceive behavior and feelings thus enabling the description of such behaviors and personality in terms under stable to themselves. What follows is that in order to qualify as a scientifically agreeable behavior of description and understanding, there is the element of universality that need to be accomplished before the behavior or action can be accepted. One of the main factors of the evidences that science presents is that the facts about the evidence remains constant no matter where the evidence is present on the world. For instance, no matter where one is standing or dwelling, the human blood will always consists of common blood elements of red cells white blood cells, and plasma. This can be scientifically proven through experiments. However, it is difficult to quantify the beliefs and desires of people across the world as such vary from one society to the other. However, the one thing that seems to be universal therefore does not need to be subjected to the conventional sc ientific methods for it to qualify as a scientific element. This is another reason why the science of folk psychology is inherently contained in the understanding and interpretation that people attach to the practice in question. Much of what is known to constitute as folk psychology today is based on the different interpretation folk psychology depending on the biasness of the person interpreting it. Generally, folk psychology has come to be associated with the reading of mind. This act can take place without the need to subject the process of reading or the final analysis that comes around because of the act of reading to scientific standards. The argument by Cooney (3), that folk psychology fails to meet the scientific threshold on this ground does not suffice because science, being a field of study, just like sociology or art does not set the rules itself. ... gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-28959641759916489942020-05-23T10:32:00.001-07:002020-05-23T10:32:05.016-07:00What Does Literature Represent Men As Hungry For Power To What Extent Does Literature Represent Men as Hungry For Power? Every day, as I turn on the news, I sigh in despair. The world is a total mess; innocent civilians being bombed, slavery, and poverty still evident in many countries. Why the world is so corrupt- in 2014, is beyond me. I try to avoid headlines about the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) but the ever-growing presence of their existence has amplified so much that it cannot be ignored. ISIS is a militant terrorist group that has struck fear into the hearts of many Iraqiââ¬â¢s. Through the use of violence, mass rape, and propaganda, ISIS has conquered much of Iraq and Syria. The objectives of ISIS are to establish an Islamic caliphate in the Middle East. I canââ¬â¢t get it through my head why people would do this, especially if it would backfire on them in the long run. By making their acts of terror known to the world, they only provoke international awareness. They absolutely will not last without end in the hands of the U.S army, whom they have mocked and threatened in the past. Itââ¬â¢s very clear that ISIS wantââ¬â¢s power, but at what cost? Their five minutes of fame wonââ¬â¢t make up for the lives of the soldiers and civilians that they kill, the emotional scarring of Iraqi children, and destroyed buildings. On August 19, 2014, ISIS announced the execution of James Foley, an American journalist who was working in Iraq. The group recorded his execution and posted it on the internet, where it went viral and was reviewed byShow MoreRelatedAntony And Cleopatra Critical Analysis921 Words à |à 4 Pagescreation of the Roman Empire under Octavius, it is also centrally about the romantic relationship between Antony and Cleopatra (after all, itââ¬â¢s not entitled Antony and Octavius). Antony tells Cleopatra that his love has no bounds, and often it certainly does seem excessive. It keeps him from important business in Rome, clouds his judgment, and is at the very least a contributing factor to his downfall. 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Ross Murfinââ¬â¢s essay ââ¬Å"What is Feminist Criticism?â⬠feminist criticism, in the study of literature, is described as a criticism that examines how the values and attitudes of patriarchal societies affect the portrayal and expression of women in text (186-194) gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-28546525983271993612020-05-18T14:19:00.001-07:002020-05-18T14:19:13.822-07:00The Pros And Cons Of Technology - 1289 Words Is the technology in todayââ¬â¢s world a positive advancement? Over the past few years technology has basically taken over our society. It isnââ¬â¢t just young people that use technology, it is all groups of people, that includes toddlers all the way up to elders. Technology is a major part of todayââ¬â¢s society and makes many tasks a lot easier. One major issue with technology is that itââ¬â¢s abused and many people rely on it. Technology is ââ¬Å"dumbing downâ⬠todayââ¬â¢s society. Technology has not only been a benefit for children in todays, but it has also become a hindrance to their ever day functions. Kids now struggle daily with learning in school (k-12), social skills and family relations, and communication. Technology is a good thing for kids to haveâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Another thing that is lacking in todayââ¬â¢s world is social skills. Kids now days do not have normal conversations with each other. Most kids and adults walk around with some sort of electronic device either in their hands, or up to their ears most of the time. It has also taken away from the kids being kids. Children do not use their imagination, like kids did once before making homemade walkie-talkies to talk with their friends. Now children set in their bedrooms on their game console or on their cell phones, and sometimes never come out to have family time. 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With the invention of many gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-79739561730386169832020-05-12T04:51:00.001-07:002020-05-12T04:51:04.019-07:00Italian Verb Participles The participle is a verbal adjective and very close to the noun. It owes its name to the fact that participates (in Latin partem capit, that takes part) to these categories. In Italian he has two stages, the present and the past. The uses of the present participle as a verb (steering wheel, dormant, remaining) are infrequent in the Romance languages, which forms typically have the function of adjectives and nouns. Imperative for their voice systems is instead the past (ex .: flown, slept, left), which is evident in the formation of compound tenses as the recent past. Different languages ââ¬â¹Ã¢â¬â¹like Latin also have a form of the future. The Italian Present ParticipleIn Latin the present participle was once rarely irregular, so this regularity has also been transferred in Italian. It is formed in this way: the endings of the infinitive are replaced by those of the present participle (-ante, -ente -ente.) Irregular forms part, counterproductive, nulladicente, contractor etc. follow the peculiarity of the imperfect indicative; For shapes in -iente, please refer to the item on the third conjugation: participles in -iente. This verbal form generally replaces a relative clause, as the examples: Abbiamo qui una scatola contenente diversi oggetti piccolissimi (che contiene); Si tratta di un uccello proveniente dallAfrica (che proviene); Questa à ¨ una parola derivante dal latino (che deriva). Form of the verb itself, the present participle is rare. More often, the verb in the present participle gives rise to nouns (assistant, teacher, caregiver) or adjectives (heavy, irritating, missing), all cases in which gender is invariable (both male and female). Sometimes can form adverbs (as in, the last word). The derivation process may have originated much during the development of the Italian language, as in the days of the Latin. Survive, including the direct inheritance from Latin, of the type phrases like it or not, even as the words formed from a Latin verb or fallen into disuse: absent from absentem, present participle, see abesse Latin verb (be absent) This present participle formed according to the procedure unlike the previous Still, composed not by obstantem, present participle, see obstare Latin verb (be opposed) In these cases, it is not uncommon that the verb of departure is almost unrecognizable, both in form and in meaning. Returning typically use more verbal, it must be said that in the past was seen much more frequently, as evidenced by various literary sources created during the history of Italian literature. The use form of the verb survives primarily in texts particularly articulated, products in often formal: I contribuenti aventi diritto ad un rimborso dovranno rivolgersi alla banca. Where the nominal style is taken to the extreme (with extreme elaboration of the statement), the present participle is occasionally used to generate a compound shape: in fact using a construct obtained with the present of the auxiliary verb have and the past participle the verb to be conjugated. The result will be something like: Saranno invitati i soci aventi partecipato alle sessioni dellanno precedente. In this case, aventi partecipato represents what in a subordinate clause explicit should be indicated with a relative to the past (that participated), here of a sort of linguistic calque that generates a verbal form non-existent in the system. Compared to participants, the difference lies in the fact that the action is considered to be accomplished. It is syntactic structures of luxury, especially popular in Italian bureaucracy, which often prevents combine to make room instead of ways as the participle and the gerund. A comparable form obtained with the auxiliary be not possible since in these cases the Italian grammar already provides for use of the past participle. The Italian Past ParticipleThe Italian past participle is derived directly from the Latin that was once very irregular, since it stemmed from a subject other than that of the present, that of his back. FORMATION OF THE PAST PARTICIPLEIn Italian the past participle, along with the remote past is the time more irregular. Forms regular endings of the infinitive are replaced by those of the past participle (-ato, -uto -ito.) 1st conjugation -are eg. sing 2nd -ere eg. contain 3rd -ire eg. act past participle -ato (sung) -uto (content) -ito (acted) The verb to be is defective and the past participle form the compound tenses with participle of the verb be (state). As regards the position of pronouns unstressed, see the section other projects. FIRST CONJUGATIONAlmost all the Italian verbs of the first conjugation (-are) is regular. The only exception is the verb do, which originally belonged to the second. The form of the past participle is made, which also feature several compounds (counterfeit counterfeit). SECOND CONJUGATIONVerbs of the Italian verbs second conjugation (-ere) are typically irregular. To distinguish the conjugation is divided into two classes, derived from the second and third Latin conjugation. Verbs in -ere with the vowel and then with the penultimate stressed syllable (as Will) are generally smooth (keep held); there is no shortage, however, exceptions: past participle in -s (Opinion appeared, assert earned); -Im in the past participle (remain left, see seen); As for verbs in -ere with unstressed vowel and then with emphasis on the third last syllable (like writing) regular shapes are few. The main forms are: past participle in -s (melt zone); past participle in -sso (grant granted); past participle in -to (live lived); past participle in -tto (break broken); -Im in the past participle (place place). THIRD CONJUGATIONThe Italian verbs of the third conjugation (-ire) are generally regular. The exceptions are: verbs in -consonante rire form the past participle in -erto (open open, s) offer (s) offered); verbs in -vocale rire form the past participle in -rso (appear appeared); others are totally irregular verbs (die dead come came). DEFECTIVE VERBS AND SPECIAL CASESThey may be missing, in so-called defective verbs, forms of verbs as compete, diverge, exempt, itch, screeching. As for the verb shine, we shined the participle is now disused. Other times you have two forms (happen succeeded, success). The verb happen has two forms with different meanings, a regular succeeded ( substitute) and uneven success ( happen). Similarly provide participles has two different meanings: provided ( supplied) and done ( it has done so). Similarly the verb reflect has two participles of different meaning: thought ( meditated) and reflection ( mirrored). The verb bisognare has the past participle (have been necessary), but the formation of compound tenses is abandoned, especially if used in an impersonal way (eg. It been necessary to go). The Italian Past Participle In ConjugationThe past participle is used primarily for the formation of compound tenses as the past tense or past perfect, in combination with the auxiliary verb essere or avere (I went; I ate). Its proximity to the category of adjective is confirmed by the fact that the conjugated forms with be, like the adjective, should be tuned to the number and gender of the subject to which they refer. Combined with the auxiliary be and come, forms of the past participle of transitive verbs are used to form the bottom: The mouse was eaten; you have not been criticized. Also in this case, the forms should be tuned for gender and number to the subject. There are no female or plural forms of verbs that, despite being intransitive, are married to have (lunch, gossiping). For rules and linguistic doubts on the agreement of the participle (Lucio left me / a, the cream that you have mounted / a, I have not forgotten / a), see chapter on the formation of the recent past. The Italian Past Participle In Subordinate ClausesA specific use of this verb form is found also in the subordination implied. This means that the form of the past participle is replacing a verb. Uscita di casa, Sara si à ¨ guardata intorno. is therefore equivalent to: Dopo che era uscita di casa, Sara si à ¨ guardata intorno. The advantage of this construct is the enormous simplification of the statement. Verbal forms of the participle in the subordinate clause (left home) indicates prior art temporal than that indicated in the main clause (the action indicated by the verb is therefore out front than to look). The function of the participle in the alternative is often to allow the formation of a temporal proposition, as shown in the example just illustrated. In addition to this type of secondary phrase, the past participle can be used with other meanings; remembers the first relative clause implied: Sono state ritrovate le scarpe della ragazza uccisa la settimana scorsa. The subject would otherwise be exposed to a whole implicit explicit subject (la ragazza che era stata uccisa). The past participle is also used in the causal proposition implied: Provocata, la scimmia ha morso lospite dello zoo. where provocata is caused by siccome era stata provocata. There is also a feature of the past participle in the sentence concessiva: Pur se provocata ripetutamente, la scimmia non ha morso lospite dello zoo. The construct is much simpler than type structures Malgrado fosse stata provocata ripetutamente, la scimmia non ha morso lospite dello zoo. The Italian Past Participle in Word FormationAs mentioned, the participle a close fit to the categories of adjective and verb form of adjectives, the past participle is widespread. It may make sense passive (wrong answer; a failed project, a written request) or active (the dead rat). The past participle is also quite common in the formation of nouns: the shock, the scolding, the delegate, the fact, the mass, the state, the race, the course (derived from verb to noun). Often, the words in question are directly derived from the past participle of the Latin form. Also derived from the past participle suffixes -ata and -ato, used for forming words from noun to noun. For example, next to the noun we find the clown antics: female, it is derived indicating mostly action (nudge,) or its result (the spaghetti, the peppers); This contrasts rather a state or a charge masculine nouns formed with the suffix -ato (Marquis, celibacy, protectorate). gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-16982323090845582782020-05-06T20:49:00.001-07:002020-05-06T20:49:30.045-07:00The Modern Influence Of Honey Singh - 890 Words Predating the modern influence of Honey Singh in Bollywood, Hollywood orchestra was apparent in the music styles chosen by directors and song writers of its time. Western orchestra was used to emphasize in Bollywood movies the different emotions characters were facing during specific scenes. Using jazz and orchestra music in Indian music with Hollywood western influence, blended to form and incorporated music style in Bollywood films. Jazz and orchestra music were given a new meaning in Bollywood movies by creating non verbal personalities to characters. Hollywood techniques can be seen to be working in Hindi films through a range of mechanisms. Some, like the bluesy saxophone music, appear to be arbitrary, learned conventions. Others, such as the use of the symphony orchestra and large choruses for grandeur may have a potential for application in a range of cultures, due to the common association of size and scale with wealth and grandeur(Morcom 13). Using jazz music in Indian movie s, represented the sensuality and erotic theme given off by female and or male heroines. Orchestra music gave the audience a preview as to the beginning of a love affair and slow tempo dancing that equates to romantic scenes. For this film, composer Naushad, became the first music director to not only use a 100-piece orchestra, but also developed the system of western notation in India. With this, he became the pioneer for introducing, western music to India(Ingle 1). Crossing into a new eraShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Hip Rap And Hip Hop And Rap Industry830 Words à |à 4 Pagesdiversify their music. Yo Yo Honey Singh, is a prime example of an artist who used the high exposure to introduce a new and exciting style of music to the Bollywood industry. Bollywood being the largest movie producing industry in the world, is known for its native and colorful music. Yo Yo Honey Singh being an Indian rapper and hip hop artist, influenced the Bollywood industry by breaking free from the customary music selection and introducing a fresh taste. Yo Yo Honey Singh revolutionized the IndianRead More10 Historical Events During the British Rule in India3932 Words à |à 16 PagesBarrackpore under the guidance of Mangal Pandey, the first freedom fighter in Indian history, who denied obeying the company rule. The nationwide revolt was under the leadership of the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Jafar, Rani Lakshmi Bai, Babu Vir Kunwar Singh, Tantya Tope and many more where the mutineers murdered every European they found. In six months, the mutiny had been broken and within the next year, British power was restored.à This battle brought an end to the company rule in India and the ruleRead MoreProject ââ¬â Organization Dynamics11615 Words à |à 47 PagesPromotion Strategies One of the major issues in managing program is deciding how to integrate the components of the mix. Product, distribution, price, and promotion strategies are shaped into a coordinated plan of action. Each component helps to influence buyers in their positioning of products. If the activities of these mix components are not coordinated, the actions may conflict and resources may be wasted. For example, if the advertising messages for a companyââ¬â¢s brand stress quality and performanceRead MoreImpact of Celebrity Endorsement on Consumer Buying Behavior with Respect to Soft Drinks8005 Words à |à 33 Pagesdifferent attributes of the product at hand. The challenge of the marketer is to find a hook that will hold the subjectââ¬â¢s attention. In helping to achieve this, use of celebrity for endorsement of a brand is widely used marketing strategy. In this modern age, people tend to ignore all commercials and advertisements while flipping through the magazines and newspapers or vi ewing TV. But even then, the glamour of a celebrity seldom goes unnoticed. Thus, celebrity endorsement in advertisement and itsRead MoreSample Resume : Regional Cuisine6414 Words à |à 26 Pages Navjot Singh Read MoreNestle vs Cadbury5506 Words à |à 23 Pages2 NESTLE vs CADBURY An Evaluation of the Marketing Mix of Nestle and Cadbury Submitted to: Ms Shalini Gupta Submitted by: Chaitanya Hiremath Roll no - 370 2012 Shaheed Bhagat Singh College (Delhi University) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I, a student of Shaheed Bhagat Singh College make a humble attempt to present my research project. It gives me immense pleasure to thank and extend my gratitude to Ms Shalini Gupta for extending her valuable time and continuous support in completing this project. I alsoRead MoreProtein Texturization8463 Words à |à 34 Pagesreduce solubility due to protein-protein interactions and decrease extrusion effectiveness. (Corredig, M. 2005) Within the process, water soluble fractions of soy protein undergo a complex pattern of association-dissociation reaction. 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INTRODUCTION TO THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY (MHC-602) LEARNING PORTFOLIO- PART 2 -by Karamjeet singh Student ID: 201514195 Submitted to: Dr.Rajka Presbury ââ¬Æ' Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 TOPIC 5 - THE RESTAURANT BUSINESS 6 SYDNEY RESTAURANT 6 TARGET MARKET: 7 LOCATION: 8 THE MENU: 8 ATMOSPHERE 9 SERVICE: 9 INVESTIGATERead MoreA Study of Mix Design of Concrete Hollow Blocks Using Crushed Powder Like Glass as Supplementary Aggregates9878 Words à |à 40 PagesSuperplasticizers for concrete. SCC has now been taken up with enthusiasm across Europe, for both site and precast concrete work. Practical application has been accompanied by much research into the physical and chemical characteristics of SCC. It flows like ââ¬Å"honeyâ⬠and has a very smoothsurface level after placing. Self-Consolidating Concrete consists of same components as to conventional vibrated concrete, which is composed of cement, aggregates, water and with the addition of chemical and mineral admixturesRead MoreEdexcel Igcse Economics Answer49663 Words à |à 199 Pagesfirst introduced. As a result demand has increased. This would be shown by a movement down the demand curve from A to B in the diagram. The price has fallen from p1 to p2 and the quantity bought has increased from q1 to q2. Other factors also influence the demand for cameras. However, their affect is to shift the demand curve. For example, an increase in the amount spent on advertising digital cameras will shift the demand curve to the right. This is shown in the diagram above for (a) (i). For gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-89802934744370420972020-05-06T11:52:00.001-07:002020-05-06T11:52:09.073-07:00Obama Perfect Union Speech â⬠Contemporary Racism Free Essays Contemporary Racism President Obamaââ¬â¢s speech ââ¬Å"A More Perfect Unionâ⬠was a response to many outbursts made about things that Reverend Jeremiah Wright, Obamaââ¬â¢s former pastor, had said on issues of racism. The reverend made statements that Obama called dismissive when what the world needed most was unity to overcome the continual racism in the country. Quotes from the Reverend such as ââ¬Å"In theà 21stà century, white America got a wake-up call after 9/11/01. We will write a custom essay sample on Obama Perfect Union Speech ââ¬â Contemporary Racism or any similar topic only for you Order Now White America and the western world came to realize that people of color had not gone away, faded into theà woodworkà or just ââ¬Ëdisappearedââ¬â¢ as the Great White West kept on its merry way of ignoring black concernsâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Racism is how this country was founded and how this country is still run! â⬠¦We [in the U. S. ] believe in white supremacy and black inferiority and believe it more than we believe in Godâ⬠caused an uproar in Washington. Obama used this opportunity to address race and the problems in the country relating to it. This speech relates to many of the topics we learned about in class regarding race and racism. Obama talks about his familyââ¬â¢s background and how various people donââ¬â¢t like him in office for ridiculous reasons such as that heââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"too blackâ⬠or ââ¬Å"not black enoughâ⬠to be the first black president. They even go as far as to say that heââ¬â¢s in office due to affirmative action. He goes on to talk about his white grandmother and the racist statements she would make, such as that when a black man passes her by on the street she fears him. President Obamaââ¬â¢s speech relates to white privilege in the sense that the country has only ever had white presidents and therefore a stereotype has been formed that only the typical white collar, white male deserves to be in office. White people say things like that because they feel like power is being taken away from them and given to black people by having a black president in office. Obama even quotes about white privilege and the power of whites being taken away by saying, ââ¬Å"Most working- and middle-class white Americans donââ¬â¢t feel that they have been particularly privileged by their raceâ⬠¦Ã when they hear an African-American is getting an advantage in landing a good job or a spot in a good college because of an injustice that they themselves never committed; when theyââ¬â¢re told that their fears about crime in urban neighborhoods are somehow prejudiced, resentment builds over time. In his speech he also talks about institutional racism which goes all the way back to Brown vs. Board of Education which was the Supreme Court case that ruled separation of black and white students unconstitutional. Obama also talked about this in his speech saying, ââ¬Å"Segregated schools were and are inferior schools; we still havenââ¬â¢t fixed them,à 50 years after Brown v. Board of Education. And the inferior education they provided, then and now, he lps explain the pervasive achievement gap between todayââ¬â¢s black and white students. He went on to say how this gives an inferior education to blacks and how this explains the gap in the income levels of white Americans vs. black Americans which in turn doesnââ¬â¢t give black men as many economic opportunities as white men. This not only relates to white privilege because they feel they are deserving of these jobs and educations but it also has a lot to do with institutional racism. By giving these economic opportunities to the better qualified person you are giving it to the one who has a better education. Through his speech, Obama illuminates the problem within our schools. Funding and quality of education go hand in hand, and since often times African Americans live in poor urban communities, schools struggle for funds to heighten the quality of their education. By talking about the dependence of schools on the income of the people living in the areas surrounding, Obama points out that privileged white kids are able to come out on top verses an African American child who grew up in an underfunded school. These white kids then get into more prestigious colleges, in turn landing more high paying jobs than the majority of their African American counterparts. Obama also goes on to talk about how people try to act like there is no racism anymore even though it is so blatantly out there. He quoted ââ¬Å"Talk show hosts and conservative commentators built entire careers unmasking bogus claims of racism while dismissing legitimate discussions of racial injustice and inequality as mere political correctness or reverse racism. He talks about how things like this widen the gap of racism and how we need to work to close the gap instead. He calls it a racial stalemate saying, ââ¬Å"Contrary to the claims of some of my critics, black and white, I have never been so naive as to believe that we can get beyond our racial divisions in a single election cycle, or with a single candidacy ââ¬â particularly a candidacy as imperfect as my own. â⬠Obama believes that only by exposing the true roo ts of racism can we move forward, slowly but with conviction. He encourages more debate and open discussion instead of hiding behind polite political facades. But I have asserted a firm conviction ââ¬â a conviction rooted in my faith in God and my faith in the American people ââ¬â that, working together, we can move beyond some of our old racial wounds, and that in fact we have no choice if we are to continue on the path of a more perfect unionâ⬠. Overall, the goal of President Obamaââ¬â¢s speech was to highlight the most taboo of topics in our society: racism. Since the era of reconstruction, white people have tried hard to ignore skin color, but Barack Obama is trying to make a point of not ignoring the color of his skin, but rather using it to his advantage by pointing out the problems we have created. White supremacy is still very much a real idea, even in our modern 21st century society. Poor education makes finding a good job in tough economic times an almost impossible task for the African American community, simply because they never had the same opportunities as their white peers. Obama encourages Americans to forgive past grievances and instead create a ââ¬Å" new normalâ⬠ââ¬â one of racial equality and opportunity regardless of race. How to cite Obama Perfect Union Speech ââ¬â Contemporary Racism, Essay examples gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-51515316340927804752020-05-06T04:05:00.001-07:002020-05-06T04:05:25.518-07:00Nat turner Essay Example For Students Nat turner Essay Nat Turner was born on October 2, 1800 as property of a small plantation owner in Southampton, Virginia. His mother strongly hated slavery, and this hate was passed down to Nat. In his early twenties he was sold to a neighboring farm. He was sold again in 1831 to the Joseph Travis family. Shortly after he was sold, he started a revolt. This occurred on August 21, 1831. This was to become the largest slave revolt in the history of the South. Turner was inspired during a solar eclipse, which he believed to be a sign that the time to strike was near. He planned to capture the armory at Jerusalem, the county seat. While en route, he planned to gather a number of slaves, and then proceed to the Dismal Swamp. Turner decided that it would be difficult to be apprehended. Turners rebellion started with seven fellow slaves whom he trusted greatly. Travis and his family were murdered in their sleep, and Turner marched to the county seat. After only the first two days of the rebellion, about 60 whites had been brutally murdered. On October 24th, an armed militia and local forces totaling over 3000 men cam to challenge Turner and the 75 slaves that supported his efforts. This force encountered Turners force a few miles outside of Jerusalem. Most of Turners force was killed or captured, however, many other innocent slaves and free blacks were killed in the confusion that followed. While Turners rebellion was put down on the 24th, Turner himself was able to elude the militia and other white for just over six weeks! Once he was captured, he was tried, convicted, and hung. While Turners rebellion was apparently a failure, he was able to convince whites in the South that slaves were not content with their living conditions. In Southampton county black people came to measure time from Nats Fray, or Old Nats War. For many years in black churches throughout the country, the name Jerusalem referred not only to the Bible but also covertly to the place where the rebel slave had met his death. gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-55266812829341007392020-05-01T14:05:00.001-07:002020-05-01T14:05:02.773-07:00Business Communication Of Tower Insurance â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Business Communication Of Tower Insurance. Answer: Introduction Communication has been taken the form of interactive dialogue between the company and its consumers that it covers the all stages such as pre-selling, selling, consuming and post-consuming. The impact of technology has a huge impact on the means of communication. People have become aware about technology and communicate by using computer and internet (Grmanov, 2016). The report is described the various methods of business communication for attracting more customers towards the products and services. Advertisement can be attractive concept of business communication to influence more and more customers to buy the products. The name of the company is Tower Insurance and it is located in New Zealand. The company was founded in 1869 and the Government of New Zealand had given the capital for building the New Zealand Government Life Insurance Department. After three years, ownership of Tower insurance was transferred to the holder of policy. Michael Stiassny is the current chairman of Tower Insurance Company. Graham Stuart, David Hancock, Warren Lee and Steve Smith are the directors of the company. The organizational structure of Tower Insurance is a top down approach. Figure 1: Organizational structure Tower Insurance Company is publically listed in New Zealand. Earlier it dealt only in medical insurance but due to growth in the organization, it presently deals in two divisions such as medical insurance and investment divisions. The company provides different services to the customers such as car insurance, house insurance, rural insurance, boat insurance and travel insurance. The good aspect of this organizational structure is that entiremanagement and leadership is conducted by topmanagement only. Board of members of the company communicate with management team to provide the guidance regarding strategies and supervision to be incorporated for company. The vision of Tower Insurance is to be the guiding light for the population of New Zealand. The company is putting lots of efforts to accomplish and collaborate teams to work together in functions which contribute to provide valuable customer experience and long standing relationship with them. The mission statement of the company is to provide the best quality insurance services to its customers in professional as well as personal manner. Moreover, the mission statement is focused on keeping the well efficient technical expertise and knowledge. Issues of the company However, Tower Insurance Company is the leading insurance company in New Zealand but there are number of issues in the company which influence the efficiency of the employees. The vision statement of the company is less attractive which is unable to influence the customers and the workers. There are various people in New Zealand who are unaware about the schemes and profitable policies. It is necessary for the company to implement the strategies and effective communication method for reducing the gap between the clients and the company. Method for addressing the issues There are number of communication methods which would be helpful for the company to improve the efficiency of the employees. Advertising method is effective method for the company because it is able to promote the business by fulfilling the expectations of the clients from the organization (Baker Logue, 2017). Advertising is one of the most common methods of business communication which includes a paid message company build and place in a specific media. For instance, running advertisements on television or radio, in newspapers and magazines, utilizing outdoor media such as vehicle, billboards, banners or pay per click displays on websites. Advertising has the ability to create awareness. Retail advertisement try to develop sales on the other hand image advertising highlight the message of the company (Avant, Kim Hayes, 2017). Goal of the business communication method The goal of the advertising method used by Tower Insurance Company is to get the proper attention of the customers towards the company by providing them efficient knowledge about the products and services of the company. The customers of the company will be benefited from this business communication method and get aware about the schemes of the company regarding insurance (Kim, Hayes Avant, 2015). Tower insurance company is dealing with number of insurance and provide the schemes and offers in their policies, the advertising method will be effective for the company to accomplish the vision and mission of the company. The major goal of the advertising method in Tower Insurance Company is to inform, convince and remind customers about the insurances of the company. The efficiency of the organization and the focus of the business towards long term relationship with customers and employees will be increased due to this business communication method (Cummins Weiss, 2013). Usage of advertisement method The advertisement method is being used in the Tower Insurance Company to spread awareness about the companys services. The techniques of advertisement are social media marketing, television or radio advertising and bandwagon. However, the vision and mission statement of the company is clear and the team of the company are teams are collaborated for working together in functions. Torrent insurance company can use this method in the time of implementing new schemes and proposals for insurance. It would be helpful for the company to attract new customers. It can be used for target customers by providing valued ideas to attain the competitive advantages. The customers of the company are happy with the services of the company but it is vital for it to make ensure that the bonding with customers should be long lasting (Greene, Tanner Wright, 2015). That is why this technique should approach to those customers who are unaware about the offered schemes and insurance by the company. Implementation of the advertisement method The advertisement method of business communication is implemented by Tower Insurance Company in order to make public aware about the different services of insurance. Advertisement method in the company can be implemented by applying repetition, promotions and bandwagon. Repetition is the effective technique of the advertising which is used to build identity awareness and customer memory. Tower Insurance Company can use other successful approaches mention the name of the company more than once. It will include the advertisement on televising because T.V. has the combination of sight and audio which permits the advertiser to costume the repetition by changing its delivery (Harris, Musgrove, Ernstberger, Cox Choi, 2017). On the other hand, bandwagon technique is also effective for it which will facilitate company in convincing the target customers in competitive environment. The approach of promotion can be used by the company to sell its service to the customers. Coupons, offers, priz es and involvement will be enthusiasm clients to create the relationship with the sponsoring the services of the company. Merits of the advertisement techniques Advertisement technique is helpful in bringing new services to the consumers along with offering adequate advertising facilitates in marketing of the different services given by the respective company. It will be helpful for Tower Insurance Company to increase the number of customers because advertisement is the approach of targeting the customers. The unnecessary cost of the company can be reduced with the help of advertisement technique by eliminating the middleman (Khang, Han, Shin, Jung Kim, 2016). The advertising method will facilitate in enhancing the morale of the employees as challenge will come at the workplace with new opportunities to utilize and develop their skills (Terkan, 2014). Demerits of the advertisement techniques However, advertisement is the effective technique to promote services and products of the company. It has some negative impacts as well which may influence the Tower Insurance Company. It is an expensive function because it is considered as an indirect cost which is added into distribution expenses of the company. Advertising is an economic waste because unbalanced advertising is the reason of specific goods to cost more than they should. Advertisement of high policies of luxury things influences the buying power of customers (Marotta, Zhang Acquisti, 2015). Thus unnecessary advertising in Tower Insurance Company builds societal corruption. It has been analyzed that there are many similar products in the market which are advertised. For instance, there are many companies of policy that provide the same service, but are advertised as dramatically different products. Evaluation of strategys success Tower Insurance Company has implemented the new strategies of advertisement technique to improve the issues within an organization and keep focus on the accomplishment of vision and mission of the company. The implementation of the effective advertisement technique facilitates organization to focus on efficiency and productivity. The above image shows that the management expenses reduced in 2017 in comparison of 2016. It has been found that online sales enhanced from 9% of new business transactions from March to September due to advertisement technique. The above diagram shows the online conversion rate optimisation and improvement. Conclusion Concise summary In the limelight of above discussion, it has been concluded that advertising is the most efficient tool of business communication. The report has been made on the Tower Insurance Company and in this company proper advertising technique has been applied. The major goal of the advertising method in Tower Insurance Company is to inform, convince and remind customers about the insurances of the company. Every coin has two aspects which show one face in positive way and another is negative way. The advantages and disadvantages of the advertising techniques have been elaborated. 3 highlighted points Organizational structure: The organizational chart of the company is effective but there should be some changes in the organization structure. New organizational structure of the company will be effective than previous chart. The chart should be made by keeping all in the mind and CEO of the company should conduct the meeting before taking any important decision regarding employees and changes in the insurance policies and schemes (Lei Moon, 2015). Issues in the company The company should focus on the attractiveness of the vision statement. The implemented policies and schemes of different insurance should be reached to targeted customers. Along with that marketing segmentation should be developed in the company which involve specific market by considering the different characteristics of the customers. Usage of advertisement technique Advertising technique is effective business communication to get the proper attention of the customers towards the company by providing them efficient knowledge about the products and services of the company. References Avant, J. A., Kim, K., Hayes, J. L. (2017). Thirty Years of Advertising Research in Leading Communication and Marketing Journals: Learning From the Parent Disciplines.Journal of Current Issues Research in Advertising,38(1), 44-64. Baker, T., Logue, K. D. (2017).Insurance law and policy: cases and materials. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Cummins, J. D., Weiss, M. A. (2013).Analyzing firm performance in the insurance industry using frontier efficiency and productivity methods.InHandbook of insurance(pp. 795-861).Springer New York. Greene, S. G., Tanner, J. R., Wright, P. (2015). An Analysis of the Impact of the Motor Carrier Act of 1980 on the Use of Advertising by General Motor Freight Carriers. InProceedings of the 1986 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 246-250). Springer, Cham. Grmanov, E. (2016). Influence of selected factors on the efficiency of insurance companies.Journal of Management, (2), 29. Harris, M. L., Musgrove, C. F., Ernstberger, K. W., Cox, K. C., Choi, P. (2017). Differential Effects of Marketing Messages in Online Advertising for an MBA Program.International Journal of Technology and Educational Marketing (IJTEM),7(1), 15-25. Khang, H., Han, S., Shin, S., Jung, A. R., Kim, M. J. (2016). A retrospective on the state of international advertising research in advertising, communication, and marketing journals: 19632014.International Journal of Advertising,35(3), 540-568. Kim, K., Hayes, J. L., Avant, J. A. (2015). Thirty Years Of Advertising Research In Leading Communication And Marketing Journals: Learning From The Parent Disciplines. InAmerican Academy of Advertising. Conference. Proceedings (Online)(p. 82). American Academy of Advertising. Lei, N., Moon, S. K. (2015). A Decision Support System for market-driven product positioning and design.Decision Support Systems,69, 82-91. Marotta, V., Zhang, K., Acquisti, A. (2015). Who Benefits from Targeted Advertising?. Terkan, R. (2014). Importance of creative advertising and marketing according to university students' perspective.International Review of Management and Marketing,4(3), 239. Tower Insurance. (2017). 2017 full year results and announcement of entitlement offer. Retrieved on 21 February, 2017 from: file:///C:/Users/Geetika_ABSAS/Downloads/171114%20-%20Tower%20Limited%20FY%2017%20Results%20Announcement%20Presentation.pdf. gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-22688924226265051652020-03-21T23:04:00.001-07:002020-03-21T23:04:03.605-07:00Its More Than a Video Is a Social Movement Essay ExampleIts More Than a Video Is a Social Movement Essay Itââ¬â¢s more than a video: itââ¬â¢s a social media movement In this paper, I would like to discuss the elements that made the KONY 2012 the most viral video in the history, with over 76 million views in one week. I will also discuss how social media has played a significant role in this campaign and the elements that promoted the engagement of young people worldwide. With 76 million viewers in one week, the Kony 2012 campaign designed by Invisible Children has caused a movement. While millions of people have collaborated so far with this initiative by buying 500,00 ââ¬Å"Action Kitsâ⬠and/or sharing this video through their social media, others have criticized it affirming that campaigns like these give young people a false sense of accomplishment and discourage real engagement in social issues (Ojalvo, 2012). But what made this campaign so attractive for 76 million viewers? What made them click? ââ¬Å"if you want to get and hold someoneââ¬â¢s attention, tell a storyâ⬠(Weinschenk, 2009, p. 112). According to the website, ââ¬Å"Invisible Children uses film, creativity and social action to end the use of child soldiers in Joseph Konyââ¬â¢s rebel war and restore LRA-affected communities in Central Africa to peace and prosperity. â⬠To achieve this mission they are trying to: 1. Make the world aware of the LRA. This includes making documentary films and touring them around the world so that they are seen for free by millions of people, 2. Channel energy from viewers of IC films into large-scale advocacy campaigns to stop the LRA and protect civilians, and 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Its More Than a Video Is a Social Movement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Its More Than a Video Is a Social Movement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Its More Than a Video Is a Social Movement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Operate programs on the ground in LRA-affected areas that provides protection, rehabilitation and development assistance (Invisible Children, n. d. ). Invisible Children began his ââ¬Å"National Tourâ⬠campaign in 2005, with 29 college-age students who traveled throughout US, to raise awareness in local schools and communities. However, it was from a video launched a week ago that this organization became popular worldwide. According to Mr. Keesey, ââ¬Å"[The video] is connected to a really deep, thoughtful very intentional and strategic campaign. The purpose of the web campaign was to introduce new people to the terror inflicted by LRA. Those people could then take their awareness to their political leaderâ⬠(Invisible Children, 2012). The inspiring current of cyber idealism among the under-25ââ¬â¢s is a phenomenon that Cohen (2012) describes a one that has triggered a quite unique social validation movement. Accorrding to Haslam, McGarty, Turner (1996), people are more likely to be persuaded and positively influenced by others with whom they recognize a shared identity. With the help of Facebook and Twitter, Jason Russellââ¬â¢s video has become the most viral video in history, and succeeded in promoting (as it is explained on the webpage) the involvement of celebrities like Angeline Jolie, Ben Affleck, and Ellen DeGeneres. Angeline Jolie, who has been named a Goodwill Ambassador to the United Nations said during an event to mark International Womenââ¬â¢s Day ââ¬Å" I donââ¬â¢t know anyone who does not hate Konyâ⬠(Child, 2012). Ben Affleck also commented on the website of his humanitarian organization Eastern Congo Initiative, ââ¬Å"Joseph Kony must be caught. His lieutenants must be brought to justice and the LRA abductees still in the bush ââ¬â fighting against their will must be rescued and rehabilitatedâ⬠. Ellen DeGeneres, who has over 4. 5 million twitter followers, has also made a comment about the KONY 2012 saying, ââ¬Å"I am talking about it, I hope you are tooâ⬠. Justin Bieber, Rihanna and Oprah have also made comments supporting this cause and engaging his fans to ââ¬Å"retweetâ⬠this video. What this campaign has caused is what Gentile et al (2009) defined as ââ¬Å"beneficialâ⬠behavior, for being associated with generally kind, altruistic individuals. In the website, the program Schools for Schools talks about how US schools compete against each other, to see which one gathered more money to help build schools in Northern Uganda. This had generated among US students a largely unconscious feeling called by Weinschenk (2009), Reciprocity, because representatives from the winner school also had the opportunity to travel to Northern Uganda to share with local students and promote intercultural exchange. Persuasion and reciprocity are also concepts well used in the campaign. Part of the original videoââ¬â¢s purpose is to engage the audience to buy the ââ¬Å"action kitâ⬠. As described in the web page: ââ¬Å"People will think you are and advocate of awesome. Everything youââ¬â¢ll need to take part in our KONY 2012 campaign is included in this kit: an official campaign + T-shirt + KONY bracelet + action guide + Stickers + Button + Postersâ⬠(Invisible Children, 2012). This Action Kit will be used on the night of April 20th, in the ââ¬Å"cover the nightâ⬠activity, where the goal is to post 1,000,000 campaign posters, signs and stickers around the US. Due the enormous success of the video, 500,000 Action Kits, T-shirts and CDs where sold in a matter of days and are no longer available. As a result, followers turned to social media to ask when they will have more. As Weinschenk (2009) says, if there is limited availability of something, we assume it is more valuable and we want it even more. According to the Visible Measures Blog (2012), until today, Kony 2012 had generated 112 million views and over 860,000 comments. The views come from 750 clips across the web most coming from video responses to the campaign. There are even translated subtitled versions of the documentary popping up in Spanish, Italian, French and Chinese. The more reviewers there are, the more powerful the impact of social validation will be (Weinschenk, 2009). Jason Russell presents the story using a narrative form in 1st person; that captures the audienceââ¬â¢s attention by using a language that is easily understood. The video can be divided into 3 parts. In the first part, he stimulates mostly the mid brain. By using phrases like ââ¬Å"because he was born, he mattersâ⬠ââ¬Å"I want him to live in a better worldâ⬠, Jason shows his ââ¬Å"personasâ⬠as Weinschenk (2009) calls them, so you can be clear of his motivations, values and relationships. In order for us to engage with his motive, he focuses on showing his son Gavin as a happy American boy who is enjoying his childhood, so when later you see boys ââ¬Å"living in fearâ⬠your middle brain will generate angry and sadness. For the second part of the video, he continues to engage the mid brain, by narrating the story of Jacob, a survivor of the LRA-Abduction. Jacob talks about his brother and how he wants to dye because the does not likes the way Ugandan boys live. During this part, Jason narrates how boys like Jacob are forced to fight, abuse girls, mutilate and in some cases kill members of their own families. He presents pictures of mutilated kids and boys sleeping on the floor. He also presents people who have been engaged to the ââ¬Å"National Tourâ⬠movement. The music, during this part of the video is low, with a sad tone and no lyrics. In this second part, the old brain is stimulated with images and phrases like ââ¬Å"fearâ⬠, ââ¬Å"in dangerâ⬠, ââ¬Å"afraidâ⬠, ââ¬Å"abductedâ⬠and ââ¬Å"sex slavesâ⬠. Jason also starts using the ââ¬Å"Youâ⬠word in phrases like ââ¬Å"this is not only about me and you, is about changing the course of human historyâ⬠and ââ¬Å"We Build a community around the idea that where you live should not determine whether you liveâ⬠. This is also incorporated in a later video of Jason, where he is thanking the audience for the response and the forwarding abilities of those who shared the video in the first days. The clearly states: ââ¬Å"This is not our movement, it is a name, I mean it is Invisible Children, but it is your movement, you started this, with your donations, and we are here to serve you, it is much bigger than meâ⬠. During the TONY 2012 video, our new brain is again stimulated when Jason explains his Gavin, who is Joseph Kony. Gavin uses simple phrases like ââ¬Å"he is badâ⬠, ââ¬Å"they should stop himâ⬠, which reinforces the main idea of the video. Later, Jason includes the declaration of the Head prosecutor of Int. crimes court, who explains how the ICC is trying to indict Joseph Kony for: Abduction, slavery, abuses and homicide enforces the reason for this video. In the third part of the video, again the three brains are engaged. The music changes to energize the images. Our brains are built to process pictures, and we think in pictures, so presenting information as pictures is the most effective way to present information to peopleâ⬠(Weinschenk, 2009, p. 116). Jason introduces the programs they have been working in Northern Uganda, and thousands of college-age collaborators participating in intercultural meetings where they are helping a cause while having fun. Since Jason does not want us to stay with the sad part of the story in our minds; in this last part, the tries to move the audience from feeling sad and angry, to get active and cooperate by: 1. Sharing the video on Facebook and Twitter, 2. Purchasing the action kit, 3. Donate to the cause. Is in this part of the video, where Jason incorporates some marketing concepts that were explained in Weinschenk book: â⬠¢Deals: if you donate a ââ¬Å"few bucks a monthâ⬠, you can have the action kit for ââ¬Å"freeâ⬠. â⬠¢The bracelet has a unique number that you can register in the KONY 2012 webpage to have more information about the movement. Community is a concept reinforced several times on the video. Phrases like ââ¬Å"a bunch of littleââ¬â¢s can make a lot of differenceâ⬠, ââ¬Å"The first time this action was taken, because the people demand itâ⬠ââ¬Å"Not only for Ugandan people but for everyoneâ⬠makes you feel that his video is part of something bigger. As a result, the reaction you can see in many people celebrating the response from President Obama, of sending soldiers to work with Ugandaââ¬â¢s army, gives the impression of a worldwide network that have worked hard to make this cause of public interest. It presents how through social media, the community have shared what they are doing in each city, and how they are getting ready for the night of april 20th. As Weinschenk (2009) refers, the cooperation between individuals in a group, allows it to grow and support each other. According to Green Brock (2002), narrative persuasion addresses occur because an individual is ââ¬Å"transportedâ⬠into the narrative world. KONY 2012, has successfully maintained 70 million people watching a 30 minute documentary, ensuring what Walt Disney said many years ago: audiences can maintain the attention for more than 2 minutes if the material presented is appealing enough. This narrative persuasion and the use of simple language (that even a four year old kid can understand) is what makes it a catchy video for all ages. Using the Mass Interpersonal Persuasion (Weinschenk, 2009, p. 131), Jason made and excellent campaign, that evokes strong emotions and leads people to completely agree on his cause. The fact that this video has been shared mostly by teenagers from 13-17 years old (Rode, 2012), does makes a point that although they have not been in the past targeted by CSR campaigns, they do have the power to spread the word faster than other age groups. Just like in Egypt, social media is giving youth voice and determining a political agenda and helping them discover their untapped power. As a result of this successful campaign, many have discussed whether this video will continue to evoke social change. According to Ruge (2012), editor of CNN ââ¬Å"KONY 2012, cemented the legitimacy of social media for global engagement, but missed an opportunity to empower the many Ugandan and Central African voices newly visible with the advent of mobile technology and social media tools on the continentâ⬠. Other journalists such as Christiane Amanpour (the Chief international corresponding for CNN) affirms that ââ¬Å"whatââ¬â¢s really important is that this 52 million and counting viewââ¬â¢s will hopefully not just sensitized people about war criminals like Joseph Kony but in general try to get society on board to really press the governments to do something about this war crimesâ⬠. Regarding all the critics, the Facebook page told his more than 3 million fans: ââ¬Å"Whether youââ¬â¢re criticizing Invisible Children or not, it is not about us. I think that everyone can agree that this violence needs to stop and children should not be forced to fightâ⬠(Facebook/invisiblechildren, 2012). This page also encourages people to leave comments on the wall, promoting ideas, asking questions. What cannot be argued, is that those 750,000 people who have shared the video, and those 500,000 who bought the Action Kit have developed ownership for this cause, and that for years, this movement will be studied not because it moved people to buy bracelets or donate a few dollars, but because it moved the masses, and made us realize the great power social media can have when used correctly. Reference: Affleck, B. (2012). A message from ECI founder Ben Affleck on KONY 2012. Retrieved from: http://www. easterncongo. org/news-perspectives/ Child, B. (2012). Kony 2012: Angelina Jolie calls for Ugandan warlordââ¬â¢s arrest. Retrieved from: http://www. guardian. co. uk/film/2012/mar/12/kony-2012-angelina-jolie CNN. (2012). Amanpour: Kony film helps to educate. Retrieved from: www. cnn. com/video/#/video/world/2012/03/09/uganda-kony-film-amanporut-reax. cnn Giles, D. C. (2003). Media Psychology. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Haslam, S. A. , McGarty. C. , Turner, J. C. (1996). Whats social about social cognition? Research on socially shared cognition in small groups. (pp. 29-56)Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, IncNye, Judith L. (Ed); Brower, Aaron M. (Ed), (1996). xxxiii, 398 pp. Harris, C. (2011) ââ¬Å"Walden University and Harris Interactive Release Report on the Future of Social Changeâ⬠, Professional Services Close-Up, Sept. 23, 2011. Invisible children, (2012). Thank you, Kony 2012 Supporters. Retrieved from: http://vimeo. com/38344284 Invisible Children webpage: www. invisiblechildren. com Ojalvo, H. (2012). Do social media campaigns like Kony 2012 stunt or stimulate real change? Retrieved from: http://learning. blogs. nytimes. com/2012/03/13/do-social-media-campaigns-like-kony-2012-stunt-or-stimulate-real-change/ Paine, K. (2007). How to Measure Social Media Relations: The More things change, the more they remain the same. Retrieved from: http://www. instituteforpr. org/wp-content/uploads/How_to_Measure_Blogs. pdf Rode, M. 2012). South Africa: Five lessons brands can learn from Kony 2012. Retrieved from: http://allafrica. com/stories/201203141089. html. Ruge, TMS. (2012). Opinion: Why Kony 2012 created the wrong buzz. Retrieved from: www. cnn. com/2012/03/12/world/africa/kony-2012-tms-opinion/index. html Update: Kony social video campaign tops 100 million views. (2012). Visible measures. Retrieved from: http://corp. visiblemeasures. com/news-and-events/blog/ Weinschenk, S. M. (2009). Neuro Web Design: What Makes Them Click? Berkeley: New Riders. gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-39318201483958694502020-03-05T13:31:00.001-08:002020-03-05T13:31:02.991-08:00buy custom Government and Business essaybuy custom Government and Business essay Government plays an important role in ensuring that businesses act responsibly in providing quality and effective services to its public. Therefore, it may intervene in business for various reasons. For example, in case of antitrust issues, regulate prices as well as control the economy. The government may also seek to control the level of competition among different firms in the market. AT T and T-mobile firms are involved in provision of wireless services in United States. Due to intense competition between them, the government is looking forward towards merging them. However, this has both negative and positive effects on the firm being affected as well as to consumers. Deputy Attorney General James M. Coles argues that combination of AT T and T-mobile would lead to loss of jobs of tens of millions of consumers (Sheffrin, 2003. This may also lead to lack of variety due to fewer choices, increased prices of services provision as well as low quality products. Innovations are also diminished in the sector of mobile services provision. This is due to lack of competition in the market. Government seeks to achieve social efficiency and equality in provision of goods and services for the benefit of the public (Kohler, 2005). Therefore, government directly or indirectly regulates public goods provided in the market. Monopolization or reduction of number of firms in the market by the government may imply loss of variety. This is due to loss of consumer and producer surplus. Competition is essential as it leads to improvement of goods and services provision in order to retain market share by the firms (Sheffrin, 2003). According to FCC official, consumers have the rights to receive quality services. He argues that competition policy should be reviewed to ensure that there is fair competition in the market. Both powerful and growing industries have the right to participate in the market. No firm should be forced to merger provided that it is able to stand on its own. In conclusion, government intervention in business may involve reducing competitive effects. Nevertheless, a fair consideration should be given when such activities are being undertaken. Mainly, consumers are the losers in such cases. Therefore, the outcomes are mainly unfavorable to both consumers and the targeted firms. Buy custom Government and Business essay gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-90903593388342176072020-02-18T04:59:00.001-08:002020-02-18T04:59:03.440-08:00Ontemporary Issues in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 wordsOntemporary Issues in Management - Essay Example This essay Contemporary Issues in Management descusses new business management approaches, that involve the creation of new channels for shareholders, employees, and investors to question and contribute to CSR development. Stakeholders exist in every organisation whether it is profit or nonprofit. Stakeholders can be summarised as the people who form the internal and external environment of any organisation. Stakeholders are, in essence, the organisation. Consequently, it is important for organisations to understand the role played by stakeholders so that they can enhance it as well as improve their relations with them. The objective of this paper is to provide a critical evaluation of the role of stakeholders within CSR. Freemanââ¬â¢s stakeholder theory highlights and models the stakeholders of an organisation, and both defines and suggests methods by which senior management can duly recognise and address the interests of these entities. In summary, Freeman tries to address the à ¢â¬Å"who or what mattersâ⬠concept. In the traditional perspective of the organisation ââ¬â the shareholder perspective - the shareholders are the owners of the organisation and the company has an irrevocable fiduciary responsibility to prioritise their needs and enhance value for them. In previous input/output organisational models the company was expected to transform the contributions of employees, suppliers and investors into salable products that consumers purchase, hence providing some capital benefit to the organisation. gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-92149049899249704362020-02-03T16:48:00.001-08:002020-02-03T16:48:03.136-08:00Plato Short Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsPlato Short Paper - Essay Example ââ¬ËThe Republicââ¬â¢ which is an influential philosophical book was written by Plato in which he spoke many of his ideas on the nature of knowledge and reality. The theory of forms unravels the fact on how do we evolve the knowledge. According to Plato, our knowledge is mere recollection of the forms that we have seen prior to our birth and the knowledge on the immaterial realities cannot be obtained through our bodily experiences. The pertinent aspects of theory of forms are briefed in the ensuing part of this paper. Forms are the ideas which are not the material world of change and the things that we experience through our senses are particular things not abstract things. For instance, we see a flower and we understand that it is beautiful. This beauty is referred to a particular flower but we do not see ââ¬Ëbeautyââ¬â¢. We understand that there are many beautiful flowers. In the view of Plato, if there are many beautiful flowers there will be a common factor that is shared by all the beautiful flowers. Therefore, there must be a thing known as ââ¬Ëbeautyââ¬â¢ which is not visible and experiential to our senses. So, there is a universal idea of beauty that is shared by all the beautiful things and this is the core idea of the form. Plato postulates the theory of metaphysics of forms describing that form has existence independently on the particular things. For example, beauty exists independently on the beautiful things but beautiful things share the beauty in common. There are some essential properties for the forms in the view of Plato. They are self predication, independence from particulars, perfection, permanence and simplicity. Self-predication means that form is simply beautiful independent of particular things, but particular things are beautiful since they share the universal beauty. Independence from particulars means that the form has its own essence, and therefore, the form does not need time and space for its gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-31965269638678125762020-01-26T13:12:00.001-08:002020-01-26T13:12:06.009-08:00Sickle cell disease, an disease of red blood cellsSickle cell disease, an disease of red blood cells Introduction This paper presents a detailed overview of sickle cell disease, an inherited disease of the red blood cells. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the aetiology, prevalence of sickle cell disease. Next the paper investigates the pathophysiological aspects of the disease and the physical manifestation of symptoms the patient presented with. The paper then discusses how sickle cell disease affects suffer. Finally the paper presents and evaluates treatment and management of care. The conclusion will provide a summary of the points discussed. Sickle cell disease (SCD) encompasses a group of haemoà globinopathies. There is currently no cure for adults with this hereditary disease, which mainly affects people of Afro-Caribbean origin and, to a lesser extent, Mediterraà nean, Middle Eastern and Asian groups. There are large numbers of people around the world who suffer from acute or chronic pain, or indeed both, as a result of sickle cell disease. Sickle Cell Society (2008) estimates that sickle cell disease affects approximately 10 000-12 500 people in the UK. Sickle cell disease comprises of a group of inherited blood disorders that alter a persons haemoglobin, causing chronic haemolytic anaemia and producing acute and chronic pain as a result of reoccurring episodes of vascular occlusion (Lal. and Vichinsky, 2005). Adult haemoglobin consists of two alpha globin and two beta globin chains wrapped around a haem (iron containing) molecule. Haemoglobin is the main substance of the red blood cell. It helps red blood cells carry oxygen from the air in the lungs to all parts of the body. Normal red blood cells contain haemoglobin A. Haemoglobin S and haemoglobin C are abnormal types of haemoglobin. Normal red blood cells are soft and round and can squeeze through tiny blood tubes (vessels). Normally, red blood cells live for about 120 days before new ones replace them. People with sickle cell conditions make a different form of haemoglobin A called haemoglobin S (S stands for sickle). This is caused by mutation in the beta chain which means the haemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen that causes sickle cell anaemia is the most common (Serjeant Serjeant, 2001). The mutation causing sickle cell anaemia is a single nucleotide substitution (A to T) in the codon for amino acid 6. The change converts a glutamic acid codon (GAG) to a valine codon (GTG). The form of haemoglobin in persons with sickle cell anaemia is referred to as HbS (Bain, 2002). The nomenclature for normal adult haemoglobin protein is Hb. Red blood cells containing mostly haemoglobin S do not live as long as normal red blood cells (normally about 16 days) (De, 2005). They also become stiff, distorted in shape and have difficulty passing through the bodys small blood vessels. De (2008) explains when sickle-shaped cells block small blood vessels, less blood can reach that part of the body. Tissue that does not receive a normal blood flow eventually becomes damaged (Serjeant Serjeant, 2001). This is what causes the complications of sickle cell disease. People who inherit the mutation from both parents or the mutation from one and thalassaemia (lack of a beta chain) from the other will suffer sickling. Those who inherit the mutation from only one parent will be sickle cell disease carriers and rarely display symptoms (Information Centre for Sickle Cell and Thalassaemic Disorders, 2008). Patient X presented in accident and emergency (AE) in sickle cell pain crisis. Vaso-occlusive pain is caused by the tendency of sickle haemoglobin molecules to crystallise, distorting the red cells into crescent shapes on deoxyà genation, occluding small blood vessels. Disrupà tion of normal circulation leads to acute tissue ischaemia and secondary inflammation and, when prolonged, infarction of bone, joints and vital organs (Elander et al, 2004). According to Information Centre for Sickle Cell and Thalassaemic Disorders (2008) vaso-occlusive pain episodes experienced by patients with sickle cell disease vary tremendously in frequency and severity. Some patients rarely have painful crises, while others spend the greater part of a given year in the hospital receiving analgesics (Anglin, 2007). The cooperative study of the natural history of sickle cell disease showed that about 5% of patients accounted for one-third of hospital days devoted to pain control (cited in Johnson, 2004) . To complicate matters further, the pattern of pain varies over time, so that a patient who has a particularly severe year may later have a prolonged period characterized by only minor pain. According to Sickle Cell Society (2008) the frequency and severity of vaso-occlusive pain episodes often change as a person moves from childhood to being an adult. The breakpoint often occurs during the late teens or early 20s. Changes in hormonal status that occur during these years could contribute to the changes in severity of sickle cell disease (Information Center for Sickle Cell and Thalassaemic Disorders, 2008). However, no causal relationship has been established, so the association remains only temporal. The mode of onset of sickle cell pain crises likewise varies. Roberts de Montalembert (2007) states patients can develop agonisingly severe pain in as little as 15 minutes. In other instances, the pain gradually escalates over hours or even days. Acute tissue ischaemia is associated with extreme pain, which may last from hours to weeks. The average duration is 5-7 days (Johnson, 2004) and the episodes are usually self-limiting. Streetly (2005) stresses prolonged infarction can lead to a multitude of complià cations, such as organ damage, degeneration of the spine and joints, and ischaemic leg ulcers. These complià cations are associated with chronic pain and disability. The sites affected in acute painful crises vary for each patient. Pain occurs commonly in the extremities, thorax, abdomen, and back (Oni, 2009). Pain tends to recur at the same site for a particular person. For each person, the quality of the crisis pain is usually similar from one crisis to another. Patient X had been managing the pain at home with paracetamol, heat rubs and 50mg of diclofenac a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Sickle Cell Society (2008) states most patients manage episodes of pain at home. Oral analgesics, combined with rest and fluids often allows a person to ride out the pain episode. Some patients report that warm baths or warm compresses applied to aching joints ameliorates the severity of the pain (Roberts de Montalembert, 2007). Patient Xs pain became progressive worse so presented in AE for stronger opioid medication. According to the Trust policy a comprehensive, multidisciplinary team strategy is essential, particularly for managing patients with freà quent acute or chronic pain. Therefore, on admission patient X was assessed by the doctor and a pain assessment was undertaken by the nurse. According to Wright Adeosun (2009) patients presenting in accident and emergency departments with a painful episode should be immediately triaged and administered analgesia within 15 minutes of arrival and a prompt, accurate pain assessment is the cornerstone of effective pain management. It should include pain site, duration, score, character, exacerbating and relieving factors, associated symptoms, previous analgesia and physical examination. Ideally, the assessment tool would be locally recognised and used and therefore be familiar to patients. Moreover assessment should be prompt to expedite pain relief and allow life-threatening syndromes, such as acute sickle chest syndrome, to be treated urgently (Johnson, 2004). During the assessment patients will benefit from reassurance that they are believed when they report pain and that medà ication will be delivered swiftly. De (2005) however reports incidences where healthcare professionals have not believed the patient report of pain which resulted in the patient displaying pseudo-addictive behaviour in an attempt to manage their pain and receive appropriate analgesia. This behaviour is an iatrogenic syndrome resulting from poorly treated pain (Serjeant Serjeant, 2001). According to Stuart Nagel (2004) without adequate knowledge of prompt assessment and management and how this can manifest, pseudo-addictive behaviour, such as groaning or other physical behaviour where the patient is trying to demonstrate that they are in pain, can be misconstrued as behaviour associated with substance addiction. Such behaviour could be, for example, aggression, conflict and arguments about analgesia. Wright Adeosun (2009) contends it is important to remember tha t this behaviour, although similar to behaviour found in substance dependence, is actually a result of poor pain management and is an indicator that this person needs their pain management approach reviewed urgently. In line with the Trust policy patient X was triaged within 15 minutes and during the evaluation, the doctor asked patient X whether the pain feels like typical sickle cell pain. Most patients can distinguish back pain due to pyelonephritis or abdominal pain due to cholecystitis, for instance, from their typical sickle cell pain (Anglin, 2007). De (2005) contends if the quality of the pain is not typical of their sickle cell disease, other causes should be investigated before ascribing it to vaso-occlusion. As this was typical of patient Xs sickle cell disease the doctor prescribed morphine 10mg titrated against the level of pain. Opioid-agonist drugs like Morphine are the mainstay of treatment for acute sickle cell disease pain and can be given orally. The dose must be titrated appropriately to reflect the drugs theraà peutic duration of action and the intensity of the pain. Johnson (2004) contends patients whose pain is severe enough to warrant hospitalisation usually require opio ids. Morphine an agonists, opioid and it works by attaching to opioid receptors. There are four types of receptor: mu (ÃŽà ¼); delta (ÃŽà ´); kappa (ÃŽà º); and opioidreceptor- like (ORL). The ÃŽà ¼ receptors are thought to be responsible for most of the analgesic effects of the opioids and for some of the main unwanted morphine derivatives which include respiratory depression, hypotension, sedation, nausea, pruritis, constipation and dependence (Hall, 2009). Drugs may then need to be given to relieve and prevent analgesic side-effects (Hall, 2009). The morphine was administered intramuscularly (IM) however Johnson (2004) argues that pain relief occurs more slowly with intramuscular injections, and the injections themselves can produce substantial discomfort. Consequently, intravenous administration of analgesics is usually preferable. Maxolon 10mg was prescribed intravenously (IV) because of the undesirable side effects commonly associated with opioids. Opioids may induce nausea and vomiting by stimulating the chemoreceptor trigger zone, reducing gastrointestinal motility or increasing vestibular sensitivity (Hall, 2009). Evidence shows that nausea and vomiting can negatively affect the quality of life of patients in term of functional outcomes, patient-perceived care by hospital staff and patient satisfaction with regard to overall hospital stay (Information Center for Sickle Cell and Thalassaemic Disorders, 2008). Identifying the incidence of nausea and vomiting and characterizing the prescribing of antiemetics are necessary in an effort to improve tolerability of opioids. Maxolon injection contains the active ingredient metoclopramide hydrochloride, which is a type of medicine called a dopamine antagonist (British National Formulary, 2010). Metoclopramide works primarily by blocking dopamine receptors found in an area of the brain known as the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). The CTZ is activated by nerve messages from the stomach when an irritant is present (Hall, 2009). Once activated, it sends messages to the vomiting centre in the brain which in turn sends messages to the gut, causing the vomiting reflex. Blocking the dopamine receptors in the CTZ prevents nausea messages from being sent to the vomiting centre. This reduces the sensation of sickness and prevents vomiting (Finlay, 2004). Once both drugs had been administered the role of the nurse was to monitor effectiveness and to reassess the pain score. Patient X was encouraged to report any further pain accordingly. According to Johnson (2004) as pain control improves, the analgesia should be maintained to prevent the patient from slipping back into a painful cycle. Patient X was then nursed in the observation unit and after 2 hours reported increasing. After being reviewed by the pain team a patient controlled analgesia (PCA) was offered. The popularity of PCA has generally risen since a report published by the Royal College of Surgeons of England and the College of Anaesthetists (1990), and PCA is now regarded as a routine, safe modality associated with high levels of satisfaction among postoperative patients (Ballantyne et al, 1993). While much has been written about PCA in connection with postoperative pain, comparatively little has been reported in connection with sickle cell disease pain. Of the few studies focusing on PCA use by sickle cell disease patients, Gonzalez et al (1991) has attempted to measure patients acceptance of PCA, and then only as the secondary goal of a clinical trial. In a much early pilot study of three adolescents with sickle cell disease Schechter et al (19880 suggested that drug usage may dramatically reduce as pain subsides, but the intended trial was never conducted because doctors feared it might fuel patients propensity for addiction. The Society Cell Society (2008) however report that some sickle cell patients actually disliked receiving morphine because of its association with drug abuse and addiction and Johnson (2003) findings indicate that some sickle cell disease patients prefer to receive PCA to promote fast and predictable pain relief and give themselves a degree of control over their pain. Moreover, continuous subcutaneous infusions have been used to counteract any delays between intramuscular and intravascular injections (Hall, 2009). This also takes away the reliance on the next dose having to be delivered by health professionals and thus promotes patient autonomy. The role of the nurse was to teach patient X and his family about the medication: description, action, effects, and possible side effects. Johnson (2003) stresses the importance of reinforcing that analgesics make pain manageable and it may not take the pain away completely. The subcutaneous route was used for the PCA. Diamorphine was prescribed because it has the advantage of being more water and lipid-soluble, making it more rapid acting, easier to inject in smaller volumes such as 5-10mg per ml subcutaneously (Hall, 2009) and avoids absorption problems (Rees et al, 2002). Typically, bolus doses of diamorphine need to be higher than in postoperative PCA regimens, for example 5-30mg, and lockout times longer, which can be 20-60 minutes. To increase safe practice around the use of PCAs, a double check of pump settings and medication orders is required when a new syringe is loaded into the PCA system and with subsequent dosage changes. This double check was performed by the nurses and documented on the PCA chart on an hourly basis. Hall (2009) points out that patient can become drowsy as their pain is controlled. Often, this reflects the fatigue that comes with one or more sleepless nights with pain crisis at home. Johnson (2004) reinforced by Oni (2009) argue that the analgesics should not be discontinued automatically for somnolence as long as the patient is easily aroused. A common misconception is that if a patient with sickle cell disease is sleeping, the analgesics are controlling the pain. Rees (2003) contends sickle cell disease patients often sleep despite severe pain. Therefore, when a PCA has been commenced the nurse should evaluate the patient for respiratory status (rate and depth), sedation level, side effects, and pain severity 2 hours x 12 hours, then 4 hours thereafter (De, 2005). A pulse oximetry was used to monitor saturations levels and patient X was commenced on 2 litres of oxygen as it is in their deoxygenated state that red blood cells containing Hb S take on their abnormal, rigid half-moon-like state (Information Center for Sickle Cell and Thalassaemic Disorders (2008). Research suggests that sickled cells can actually regain their normal disc shape when exposed to a higher oxygen concentration (Zipursky et al, 1992 cited by Sickle Cell Society, 2008). When oxygen therapy is being administered De (2008) advocates an upright position as this position optimises and maintains ventilation and perfusion. Patient X needed assistance due to the pain to sit upright and a mouth care tray was provided due to the side effect of oxygen therapy causing dryness of the nasal and oral mucosa (Sheppard and Davis, 2000). A jug of water was also made available at the bedside and the call buzzer was left in easy reach. Effective management of an episode of painful sickle crisis according to Lal and Vichinsky (2005) requires intravenous fluids as this will help to decrease blood viscosity, improve blood flow and reduce risk of renal compromise. Providing adequate hydration is a component of almost every treatment protocol for vasoocclusive crises (De, 2005). Dehydration is one of the principal precipitating factors for pain crises. However, overcorrection of fluid balance can have a negative effect, including possibly increasing the risk of acute chest syndrome. This syndrome, characterized by cough, chest pain, dyspnoea, fever, and radiographic changes, is the most common cause of death for patients with sickle cell disease (Information Center for Sickle Cell and Thalassaemic Disorders, 2008). Stuart and Nagel (2004) suggest hydration should be provided to correct deficits, replace any ongoing losses, and maintain normal body fluid volume (euvolemia). In addition, to this the patients pain may improve with oral hydration. Patient X was prescribed 1 litre of intravenous (IV) normal saline over 8 hours and oral hydration was encouraged by the nursing staff. This was monitored on the fluid balance chart. Patient Xs vital signs temperature, pulse, blood pressure were continuously monitored to detect any changes. Patients with sickle cell disease are susceptible to overwhelming infection (Wright Adeosun, 2009; Stuart Nagel, 2004). The most significant factor is splenic autoinfarction during childhood (Sickle Cell Society, 2008). Functional asplenia leaves patients vulnerable to infections with encapsulated organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae. Further, some studies suggest that neutrophils do not function properly in patients with sickle cell disease (Information Center for Sickle Cell and Thalassaemic Disorders, 2008). How the mutation in sickle cell disease might lead to a defect in neutrophil function is unclear. Patients with SCD and unexplained fever should be cultured thoroughly. If the clinical condition suggests septicaemia, the best action is to start broad spectrum antibiotics after complete culturing. Signs of systemic infection include fever, shaking chills, lethargy, malaise, and hypotension (Oni, 2009). Patient remained apyrexial and 2 days after admission the quantity of analgesia was slowly reduced as patient Xs symptoms improve. While the tapering of intravenous analgesics can require only two or three days, control of a full blown crisis often requires 10 to 14 days. Less commonly, bouts of sickle vaso-occlusive pain require several weeks to control. In conclusion this paper has presented a detailed overview of the management of pain in sickle cell disease, an inherited disease of the red blood cells. Sickle cell disorder can have a profound effect on a persons life. Acute painful episodes among patients with sickle cell disease may occur in any body part or several sites simultaneously. A thorough pain assessment will indicate the type of pain management approaches that are most likely to be effective. Patients should always be encouraged to engage in activities that will help them manage their own pain and boost their confidence rather than make them dependent on health care professionals. This case profile has highlighted the importance of optimal care for a patient with sickle cell disease which should be a comprehensive, multidisciplinary team approach with prompt, accurate pain assessment as this is the cornerstone of effective pain management. gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-31423037153639611582020-01-18T09:36:00.001-08:002020-01-18T09:36:04.479-08:00Crossing the West and Unite EssayIs Pan- Africanism merely an ideology of beliefs that belongs to a past?à Historically it can be traced that Africans in their country of origin have a great civilization but why in the world would this great people need to walk a crusade like one of its forerunnerââ¬â¢s Du Bois when he said that: ââ¬Å"The Last Battle of the Westâ⬠in liberation of the Africans.à This was reechoed to the world when racial ideologies become severe in the West, in Latin America, and under the British Colony. à à à à à à à à à à à In the paper written by Araia it was mentioned in detail how Pan-africanism followed throughout history how the Africans were discriminated from repatriation towards the movement of the Diaspora.à Some of them are also the black slaves who are treated well and given freedom by some of their masters.à This loyalty taught the Diaspora to adapt the ways their masters taught them. The Africans and Diaspora experienced the same discrimination and both have adjusted to their present environs.à à It was also proven that one color is not a proof of unity since man seeks to have different clichà ©s or the need to belong to a certain group.à In some cases, adoption to a certain laws and culture makes a person get antagonized by two identities especially if the one being introduced is exactly opposed to his or her tradition.à And with that, instead of unification a person has the guilt of having adulterated ones culture or we may say to experience a culture shock. à à à à à à à à à à à That shock divides, and Pan-African organizations have travelled a long way to reunite its brood. An issue that goes with identity crises is repatriation which has bad and good consequences like founding its way for a new black republic in the western hemisphere.à That beginnings fostered confidence to the Diaspora and to the Africans in the continent.à These are somehow, providential that the Africans scatter the world like someone says that from evil there is an abundance of good.à In this scenario, we can conclude that those early Africans who crossed the continent have struggled, though some may loose their birth right marks, many have hold on to his true identity. à à à à à à à à à à à In one of the conferences, Africanââ¬â¢s echoed the need to be respected like all other humans as Malcolm X stated that ââ¬Å"â⬠¦, so that Africa too becomes respected as other huge continents are respected, then, wherever people of African origin, African heritage or African blood go, they will be respected ââ¬â but only when and because they have something much larger that looks like them behind them (GAraia).â⬠à His words explained the impact of Pan-Africanism ideology towards the African experience and the Black Diaspora. To him, the proof of a good race is the good examples that will be left behind by that color and creed. à Malcolm X words mean to say, the need for the Africans to show to the world that the race came from a good and descent stock while explaining that respect begets respect.à But first and foremost respect for oneself should come first. à à à à à à à à à à à The elevation of the human nature is based on its dignity, and for this reason it is necessary to look back to where this race belongs.à It is important to see how the older ones have struggled and how did they fought squarely the battle of searching for oneââ¬â¢s identity.à Thus when it is found, is it an experience of neither dismay nor courage.à The integral part of this soul searching is whether it is accepted or not but the most important thing is to gain confidence and repair whatever damage is done. à à à à à à à à à à à The reformist Du Boisian pan-Africanism had more influence and ideological impact on Africans in the Continent during the early part of reunification but on the later part the transatlantic Pan-Africanism focused on nationalist ideologies thru Nkrumah.à à à à à However, the vision of Garvey became relevant until today because it has promoted unity and well-being among Africans, re-examination of public policy against racism and other forms of discrimination which has resulted to security and equality, and provision of sovereignty and respect towards individual culture.à Identity crisis was changed into acceptance in spite that points of view can not always be the same. à à à à à à à à à à à The Brazzaville and Casablanca could have been fueled by the so called identity crisis too which could have gotten down to the marrow of the new generations of the Africans in the middle of the 19th Century. The former against the bearing of a socialist mentality and the other gets intimidated of begging or having dependence on the Western aid.à Those are two opposing ideological differences that have affected the political and economic perspectives of that time. à à à à à à à à à à à However, in the course of time different Africans groups learned to focus on their similarities to bridge the gap that has existed due to various groupings.à This meeting of the minds ended in the formation of the African Unity which led by Nkrumah created the UNIA under the influence of the philosophy of Marcus Garvey to the Negritude of Cesaire and Senghor.à This movement led to the search of the African identity till it is known today as African Union (AU) which was previously called Organization of African Unity (OAU). à Today, we may say that the Pan-Africanism movement has matured and was able to handle whatever difficulties they would get entangled within their individual principles and personal circumstances.à Through viable global communications brought by new technology, a connection was built between Africa and its Diasporas which forge Pan-African unity transcending all unproductive dichotomies. Todayââ¬â¢s relevance of the Pan-African à à à à à à à à à à à Pan-Africanism will remain the instrument of fostering unity and empowerment as long as there is marginalized Africans and Diaspora that has been continually growing in numbers.à It will be the voice to call and unite, and to remind wherever this colored men are, telling each one is his brotherââ¬â¢s keeper. à à à à à à à à à à à With the growing world spearheading towards globalization, there is a great need for Pan-Africanism to be a state led project in the emancipation of its great role in the 21st Century. There will be new challenges facing the Africa and the Diaspora despite of its historical achievements of decolonization and civil rights.à The ideology of collective empowerment can provide a great leap for Pan-African states and societies who are merely pawns in the world arena.à According to Nkrumah there is a need to pull all resources like the socio-cultural, eco-political aspects and demographic capitals to attain the Pan-African vision of the socio-economic development of all its civil societies namely the Africans and the Diasporas. à à à à à à à à à à à It is very striking to know that African migrants (Diaspora) today are very much educated as compared to people of its countryââ¬â¢s origin.à Making the brain drain problem severe in Africa but these international migrants who are skilled are assets for the developing countries in terms of remittances and brain mobility.à Those who migrated towards the north are very much educated however they only comprise of the minority.à Majority migrated to other African countries.à In other words, the Diaspora represents a growing mighty force for the development of Pan-Africanism today.à The African Diasporas because of their dual identities acquired from their host countries became more flexible and at the same time equipped with enormous social capital that could defend the future of Africa. à à à à à à à à à à à However, the government only views the Diasporas as an economic resource or by way a dollar remittance arm.à They do not only exceed foreign investments cash capital but with their civic and cultural awareness could access global markets, create a more vigorous democracy that could strengthen a society that encourages growth of new philanthropic cultures.à Diasporas are regarded as people with multiple identities but with commitments firmly rooted to their country of origin.à à à à à à à à à à à à The new generation of the African Diasporas will surely bridged the gap of the Atlantic and Africa and the African American created by prejudices and the racist media.à One can perceived today the growing awareness in the Pan-American consciousness for instance the assertiveness of the blacks in Brazil, the affirmation of Afrocentric culture in the US, and Afropolitan identities of the diasporas in European Countries.à They are collective struggles that show the world that these African migrants are reconstructing their identities by renegotiating their place in wherever host societies they belong which is in congruent that they will attain full democratic citizenship and status, a dream that has been long awaited by their peers and fore parents. à à à à à à à à à à à In the long run, this presence of the Diaspora will be felt by the whole world and in order to facilitate their presence, African policy makers and Pan-Africanism should take the Diaspora options seriously.à This requires networks that facilitate brain mobility, formation of diverse knowledge, and the defense to Africa which have been defamed in Euro-America. à à à à à à à à à à à AU with its 20 councils, promoted social and cultural contexts towards its civic organizations in order to unify and integrate Africa, an enduring dream for Pan-Africanism derived from the rising of the Diasporaââ¬â¢s homogenization from oneââ¬â¢s host country.à The AU is more robust organization, and is more people friendly.à The OAU was preoccupied with politics, sovereignty and eliteââ¬â¢s camaraderie. However, both are achievers in the vision of Pan-Africanism. à à à à à à à à à à à In its present trend, AU launched the ââ¬Å"African Union-African Diaspora Summit at all levels of the State and Governments, with a theme ââ¬Å"Towards the realization of a united and integrated Africa and its Diasporaâ⬠in short, after crossing the West ââ¬â the African will be united.à This unity hopefully will lead to a full cooperation and better understanding of every member of the Pan-African nations including the cooperation of the Diaspora host countries worldwide. à à à à à à à à à à à The self acceptance of the Diaspora rejuvenated Pan-Africanism with its contemporary dictum of being able to combine the old and new.à Their demands are no longer driven by political independence but learning the complex ties that separate and unites them to their origin.à With this knowledge, unity will not be an elusive dream to the Pan-Africanism but a way of life transcending global marginalism that has been caused by inequality of power and privileges. à à à à à à à à à à à The passing of time may have healed the wounds in the past; the present generations are no longer alienated to the prejudices, but men and women who are proud of their colors and traditional beliefs.à These Africans are more capable of confronting the problems of today than merely following the course of history.à These are men who see the world, fair and square but able to form kinship and friendship even with those who had inflicted wounds on them. à à à à à à à à à à à Pan-Africanism is not just an ideology itââ¬â¢s praxis, a chain that links all Africans of the world.à It has guided the race through out history and will always be a gleaming light for those who find that multiple identities seem quite confusing.à It will be a bosom for all Africans to convene, and to learn that adopting other technologies and means is not to be come inferior but teaching this race the value of genuine patriotism. à à à à à à à à à à à The so called ideology came from a long journey, it infiltrated the West and the Atlantic continent, and it has surrounded the world as bent on becoming a one and united dynamic race.à They will be people who will not be saddened by their past mistakes but more of a people who have stand and struggled to gain respect. à à à à à à à à à à à These are people with human culture that is unique and these beliefs are needed to be upheld and preserved. The Pan-African vision will guide these beliefs through time which must be guided by wisdom.à Loving ones country does not hate the other; nationalism is not wrong as long as we do not hate or inflict wrong another nation.à Better still, we must love our own country but also loving the rest of the world and thatââ¬â¢s what you call patriotism. à à à à à à à à à à à For those who are lucky to cross the West, and the other Diaspora, and those who belong to each others continent ââ¬â it is time to unite.à After all, man belongs to one single stock ââ¬â the human being with a body and soul.à Diasporas from all parts of the globe or Africans alike wherever continent they belong, they are just one brother and sister who belongs to one and the same human race. à à à à à à à à à à à To all Africans and Diaspora the ideology of Pan-Africanism will always be behind, until the time that this race received the respect its forerunners has long waited for.à à It will always be the shadow that will unite every Africans and the Diaspora who has been nurtured and taught by its adoptive nation.à In turn, both will be teaching the other their ways combining new and old and giving good examples that the rest of the world will learn to admire and accept. Works Cited Ghelawdewos Araia. ââ¬Å"The Historical and Ideological Foundations of Pan-Africanism.â⬠à 2006. gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-56338991607166489952020-01-10T06:00:00.001-08:002020-01-10T06:00:05.024-08:00DEVELOPING STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP SKILLS EssayIntroduction Leadership and management, these are two words we use on daily basis. But the questions like how do we realise good leaders, what qualities, attitude, style and behaviour do they exhibit, are frequent. The ability to lead is not connected to education, although most leaders are intelligent people. Many qualities required for a leader are also possessed by managers. There are interconnection between leaders and managers. Organisationââ¬â¢s intention to develop leadership among employees has been in growth. It is because they realised the potentials of good leaders. Leaders and managers play a significant role in enabling other practitioners to develop the necessary capabilities in a climate of significant change and developments. I think, by developing our leadership skills, we are assured a more rewarding and successful career. There is no doubt that, leadership potential can be developed. With commitment, effort and practice, anybody can move beyond the skills you are born with t o be an excellent leader. ââ¬Å"The most dangerous leadership myth is that leaders are bornââ¬âthat there is a genetic factor to leadership. Myth asserts that people simply either have certain charismatic qualities or not. Thatââ¬â¢s nonsense; in fact, the opposite is true. Leaders are made rather than born.â⬠ââ¬âWarren G. Bennis. Globalisation has resulted in diversity. To maximise contribution, each organisation and its managers are now challenged with creating inclusive working environment. They need to understand effective leadership style and culture to build trust and effective relationship. Rapid economic changes pose new opportunities and threats. Leaders are supposed to face those situations. ââ¬Å"For managers the world keeps changing. It changes from hour to hour, day to day and week to week. The strategies that were effective yesterday are not necessarily effective in the same situation todayâ⬠-Quinn Look more:à strategic management process essay In order to face the growing competition in the market, it is very urgent for organisations to build potential leader. Developing strategic management and leadership skills should be a part of organisationsââ¬â¢ actions. 1.1 Explain the link between strategic management and leadership Strategic Management consists of the analysis of any organisation, decision making and necessary actions in order to create and sustain competitive advantages. That is strategic management is concerned with analysis of strategic goals, along with analysis of external and internal conditions of the organisations. Then taking necessary decisions and implementing those decisions systematically to get the competitive advantages. Strategic management, popularized during 1980s. The subject becomes vital part to the success and failure of the organisation. Usually it is considered as the responsibility for the overall direction of the organization sums up what strategic management is all about. It can also define as the process of identifying and executing the organisationââ¬â¢s strategic goals (mission, vision and objectives) by matching its capabilities with the demand of its environment. Strategic management contains a set of managerial decisions. Leadership is the ability of a person to get other willingly to follow. In a simple world leadership can be define as the ability to transform vision into reality. Strategic leadership provides the vision and direction for the growth and success of an organization. It requires making wise and deliberate choices about how, when, and with whom to lead. A good manager is now by definition a leader. Equally, a good leader will also be a manager. Majority of practical people are interested primarily in what they have to do, and not whether it should be labelled ââ¬Ëleadershipââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ëmanagementââ¬â¢ or both. ââ¬Å"It is very true that I have said that I considered Napoleonââ¬â¢s presence in the field equal to forty thousand men in the balanceâ⬠ââ¬âDuke of Wellington. Difference between strategic management and leadership Management| Leadership| Intended to plan, organize, co-ordinate and evaluate| Job is to inspire and motivate| management administrate the organisation| Leaders innovate | Management tries to maintain the organisation| Leaders tries to develop| Focused on system and structure| Focuses on people| They focus on the present situation | They look towards future| React to problems and issues| Proactive to issues and problem| Prefer to control| Knows how to delegate| Minimising risk| Taking risk|à There are thousands of examples for leaders in the world. Jack Welch, he worked magic at GE in the 1990s. Lou Gerstner, the brain behind the successful turnaround of IBM. Their books about their exploit, success and philosophies of leaderships became best sellers. 1.2 Analysis of impact of management and leadership styles on strategic decision There are different leadership and management styles. Different styles work well in different situations. They are based on different assumptions and theories. Strategic decisions taken by leaders depend upon their style. The style used by each individual will be based on their beliefs, values, ethical views and preferences as well as the organizational culture and norms which will encourage some styles and discourage others. 1. Autocratic leader In this style, leaderââ¬â¢s take decision without considering or consulting with others. This style work well when there is no need of discussion or the discussion would not bring any changes or the motivation of people will not affected with or without discussion. 2. Democratic style The leader involves employees in the decision making. This kind of style is usually appreciated by the employees or subordinate. This style would bring problems in a situation where there are wide ranges of opinion and there is no well-defined way of taking the final decision. 3. Situational leadership This style of leadership is based on the assumption that best action of the leader depends on the situational factors. When a decision is needed, an effective leader does not fall into a single style. 4. Transactional leadership The assumption behind this kind of leadership is that people are motivated by rewards and an organisation work well with a clear chain of command. This kind of leader works thorough creating clear structures. Subordinates dutyà will be well defined and also the reward they get for following the orders. Punishments are not always mentioned, but they are also well-understood and formal systems of discipline are usually in place. The first stage of Transactional Leadership is in negotiating the contract whereby fixing the salary and other benefits of subordinates, and the company (and by implication the subordinateââ¬â¢s manager) gets authority over the subordinate. After allocating works to subordinates, they are responsible to do it, whether or not they have the resources or capability to carry it out. When things go wrong, then the subordinate is considered to be personally at fault, and is punished for their failure (just as they are rewarded for succeeding). 5. Transformational leader This style is based on the assumption that employees will follow a leader who motivates them and a person with vision and passion can achieve anything. Transformation leadership start with the development of a vision, a view and path to future. That will excite and converter the employees. Transformational leaders are so committed always. They continuously work to motivate the followers. Decision making can be affected by leadership style. The key elements of leadership are 1. Understanding their own personality and understanding others 2. Understanding the situation 3. Applying appropriate skills and techniques. Leaders having different styles can have different levels of key elements. So the way and level in which they identify their personality can differ. They responds to a same situation by different leaders can vary. Leadership and management style getting important in the sense that you canââ¬â¢t lead people in the same way as you did in the past if you want to get their talents and obtain efficient performance. Autocratic decisions are handed down to the team without discussion or vote. But that decision is necessary sometimes. Especially when a strategic decision needs to made quickly. The impact of this style is for many people, this style feels harsh, a great possibility of demotivation. Rest of peopleà assured leader can demonstrate consideration and compassion for team while using the Autocratic style, even though the team is not directly involved in the decision. There are situations in which leader wants input from employees or teams. Leaders, uses democratic style workout that situation well. This kind of decision-making allows for active participation from the team. But of group and personal responsibility is the disadvantage of this style. IBM prefers transformational leadership style, so that leaders are culturally adaptable and can unleash IBMââ¬â¢s energy and can execute strategies well. There is a common thought that leaders who listen considerately to their followerââ¬â¢s opinion before making final decision get good result as compared to non-listeners. In the case of democratic style, the leader gives up ownership and control of a decision and allows the group to vote. Advantage of this style is fairly fast decision, and an amount of group participation. No organisation or leader can implement a single style to deal with the multitude of decision that needs to be made during change process (Nancy, 2007). British petroleum, a major energy company globally in terms of oil and gas deserves, companyââ¬â¢s growth has been accompanied by a number of accidents and safety-related violations which have had tragic environmental and personal consequences. Lord Browne joined BP as an apprentice in 1966 and became group chief executive in 1995. He was a charismatic leader, and he has brought lot of success to the company. But he was forced to resign in 2007 due to a personal scandal. Charismatic leadership style got few drawbacks. The complaint against Lord Browne was administration by media and business associates fuelled his charismatic style and he ignored day to day core business activities. 1.3 How leadership styles can be adopted to different situations? Success of an organisation or a group dependent on the effectiveness of the leader. Leaders success depends not only on ââ¬Ëwho they areââ¬â¢, but the style they adopt, action and reaction to various situations. None of the leadership style is appropriated in all situations. Emergence of information technology and globalisation has drastically changed the expectation and behaviour ofà the people in the organisation. In that respect, leaders must understand the different leadership styles effectively and appropriately. Leaders must be up to date of the situations. Leaders must be prepared to step in and show the way in all kind of situations. Different style can be adapted to different situations in relation to 1. Business- situations 2. Types of team players involved 3. Corporate culture Business situation: ââ¬â This is a fast-changing world, technological changes, economy changing, weather changing etc. In such a situation a leader cannot lose the sense of changes. Business situation means competition, market changes, market share, financing, world economy, sense of urgency in fiancà © and talents. We know that high risk situation needs very strong and active involvement by the leader to keep it control. The people or team members: ââ¬â In every organisation, there will have different kind of employees or members. Differ by characters, talents, skills, attitude etc. identifying the team members is a tough task. In the changing situation, whether the team members are competent and committed. The corporate culture: ââ¬â There is no doubt that the culture in the organisation will influence the leadership style. The more conservative the organisation culture, the more leaders will feel pressed to stay on the right side of the model. Jack Welchââ¬â¢s Leadership Style Jack Welch, he was the youngest CEO of General Electricââ¬â¢s history. He made a resolution to transform GE into one of the world biggest firm. With his unique leadership style and character, Welch made history during his 2-decade journey at GE. His way of leading was based on some concepts. Lead, not manage:- according to him leadership can be found in as long as they come up with good ideas and can energize rather than depress and control. Get less formal: ââ¬â Jack doesnââ¬â¢t wear ties to work; he often holds informal meetings and encourages everyone to lighten up. Informality inspires people to have more ideas and it is one of the keys to GEââ¬â¢s success. No bureaucracy: ââ¬â Welch wished that each employee should work on getting rid of bureaucracy every day. Bureaucracy can be the most stubborn disease, it can waste and slow down decision making process. Face reality: ââ¬â company was losing its market values and there was too much bureaucracy when Jack Welch joined the company. He realised the realities and brought out strategies andà initiatives that made things better. Simplify the business: ââ¬â his goal at GE was simplify the business. He didnââ¬â¢t think that business had to be complicated. He tried to eliminate complicated memos and letters. Change: ââ¬â He initiated the necessary changes to make GE a far more flexible and competitive organization. He made ââ¬Ëchangeââ¬â¢ a part of GEââ¬â¢s shared value. Change, according to Welch, doesnââ¬â¢t need to upset things or make things worse. It can mean opportunities, good ideas, new business or new products (kevin, 2007). Lead by energizing others, not managing by authority: ââ¬â Welch called his leadership ideal ââ¬Ëboundary lessââ¬â¢, which means an open organization, free of bureaucracy and anything that prevents the free flow of ideas, people and decisions (kevin, 2007). His choice was inspiring others to perform well. Lead by doing- one of the leadership style adapted by GE Information technology is critical to the future of GE. As a key pipeline for future leaders of GEââ¬â¢s world-class global IT organization, the Information Technology Leadership Program delivers continued education with over 12 weeks of technical, project management and leadership training over the two years (GE, 2013). The job assignments and training are designed to enable participants to use their information technology experience to drive some of GEââ¬â¢s strategic business initiatives (GE, 2013). Each assignment and training experience is global allowing participants to travel to other countries, work with colleagues from around the world, and make an impact on products and services that make the world better (GE, 2013) 2.1 Review the impact that selected theories of management and leadership have on organisational strategy Situational theories or contingency theoriesà Those theories began in 1960s. The basic assumption behind the theory is that individual characteristicsââ¬â¢ make them suitable leaders only in certain situations. Each situation requires a leader to vary behaviour to fit the conditions. In other words, there is no right or wrong way in leading all the time. Fred Fiedlerââ¬â¢s contingency theory In 1967, Fred Fiedler proposed his contingency theory. His objective was to find out when a task oriented approach would be more effective and when aà relationship oriented approach would be more effective. He explained that task oriented leader very effective when conditions are either very favourable or which are very unfavourable to the leader. When conditions are favourable, member relations are strong; there is a positive relationship between the group and the leader; and the task is clear and structured; the group members are ready and willing to work, and their energies can be focused on the goal. Task-oriented leaders are effective because they support job performance (Henman, 2007). According to Fielder, the relationship oriented style is more effective in situations which are intermediate in favourableness. When an intermediate situation is present, the leader can help to build confidence and cohesion by focusing on the personal needs of the individuals (Henman, 2007). Hersey and Blanchard theory It is another situational theory. This theory was introduced 10 year after Fiedlerââ¬â¢s theory. First of all Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard assume that leaders are more flexible than Fiedler does. They explained that ââ¬Å"leader should change behaviour as the followersââ¬â¢ maturity increases. This is the first of the situational theories to address the element of follower maturityâ⬠. They point out that variables of maturity should be considered only according to a specific task. That is, followers are not mature or immature in any total or chronological sense; rather, they have varying degrees of maturity depending on knowledge of or experience with a specific goal (Henman, 2007). Leader-style theory This theory was introduced by Vroom and Yetton. They explain the different ways leader can make decisions and necessary guidelines for leader in order to determine the extent to which subordinate should participated in decision making. Charismatic leadership Charisma, as explained by Max Weber, is a certain quality of individual personality, by virtue of which he or she is apart from ordinary people and treated as a personality with exceptional power or qualities. On the basis of this, they are considered as leaders. Each theory differs slightly. That indicates that there is no one best among all types of style. Successful leader is the one who can adapt to the changes. An effective leader needs to diagnose the needs and wants of followers and then react accordingly. The impact of different theories of management on organisational strategy will be different. IBM needs extraordinary leaders who can create high-performance work climates and foster employee engagement; people who not only succeed but enable others to as well. A disciplined process of identifying and developing high achievers and leaders has been a main stone of IBMââ¬â¢s strategy to regain market leadership in the IT industry. In order to build a pool of leader for the future strategies, IBM has been establishing periodically refreshed core competencies for all IBM employees. They have a pervasive use of competencies for development, succession planning and selection. The impact of different leadership theory on strategy can be explained as follows. For example letââ¬â¢s consider contingency theory. As Fiedler explained, task oriented leaders are very effective when conditions are favourable or unfavourable. When conditions are favourable, members relations are strong, there is a positive relation between team and leader. Hence new strategies can bring and work it out well so easily. In unfavourable circumstances or in stressful situations, a leaderââ¬â¢s structure and control can remove undesirable ambiguity and the anxiety that goes with it. Hence effectiveness of strategy can be maintained. In an intermediate situation, relationship oriented style is best. The leader can help to build confidence and cohesion by focusing on the personal needs of the individuals. That was the approach adopted by Jack Welch, GE. 2.2 Create a leadership strategy that support organisational direction Leadership strategy for General Electrics The General Electric Company, or GE, is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in New York. Company operates in five sectors via energy, technology infrastructure, capital finance, consumer and industrial. It has been almost a decade since Jack Welch retired as GEââ¬â¢s chairman and CEO, the brain behind the success of GE. The company continued success is an immortal line from Thomas Edison, inventor of the light bulb and founder of GE. The current CEO of GE is Jeffrey Immelt. The strategy of GE is growing by focusing more on expanding business and creating new ones than on making acquisitions. Jack Welch and Jeffrey immelt are considered to be the most influenced business leaders. If we consider their way in which they lead, and their decisions, it is clear that they preferred transformational leadership style. Even though both used the same style, Jack Welch had been more extreme than his successor. Leadership strategy: ââ¬â choosing a best leadership style is the major step in leadership strategy. Leadership at company like GE is very crucial. Transformational leadership style is better for GE. They have the story of success using the same style. Transformational leader is able to influence his followers and make them do more than what is expected from them, what they were willing to do and often more than what they thought they were capable of. Transformational leadership is, ââ¬Å"a process that changes and transforms people. It is concerned with emotions, values, ethics, standards, and long-term goals and includes assessing followersââ¬â¢ motives, satisfying their needs, and treating them as full human beingsâ⬠- (Northouse). The reason behind the selection of this leadership style is this style motivates the followers. The leader and followers are well aligned in this system. A transformational leader can motivate the followers by setting challenging goals. Transformational leadership is composed of four key elements, influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. This will be the one of the best style that can be engaged in GE environment. The transformational leader has also the capacity to involve his followers to envision the future of the company by communicating them attractive goals and expectations and by showing them a strong commitment to reach these expectations and to be in line with theà vision he shares (Riggio). Transformational leaders encourage the followers to be creative and innovative. We have seen the different leadership style and their impact on organisation. Even though, no particular leadership style is better always. It depends on the situations. The best style GE can use is transformational leadership because of its unique advantages. Transformation leader can take risk, as Jack Welch did in GE. Leadership strategy makes explicit the number of leaders required, and what kind of, where, with what skills and styles. GEââ¬â¢s corporate strategy is to expand instead of alliances. So they need thousands of leaders all around the world. The leaders should have collective capabilities like providing direction, motivate the followers, engaging employees in decision making and to gain their active support in implementing planned cross-functional actions, implementing successful innovations, adapting to change, ensuring transparency just like former leaders, developing talents and being responsive to customers like Jeffrey Immlet. Since the corporate strategy is becoming more global, it require greater cultural sensitivity among leaders, enhanced representation of different geographies at top level, enhanced language skills to enable cross cultural relationships and greater understanding of local laws and business arrangement in strategy making. 3.1 Use appropriate methods to review current leadership requirement We know the important of leaders. It is very necessary to identify the leadership gap in any organisation so that top management can take necessary actions. Some of the best and most venerable organizations are failing to adapt to change, implement their strategic plans successfully or prepare for a more uncertain future because of the reason that they failed to forecast the leadership requirement. Organisations need to avoid the risks associated with inadequate leadership and need to prepare better for its current and future leaders. Leadership requirement for General Electrics Leadership programs are amazing within GE that are designed to build the next generation leaders. These programs build perfect foundation for acceleratingà learning and development in a particular domain, from commercial to operations, from human resources to information management, from finance and communications to technology (GE, Leadership Programs, 2013). There are more than 300,000 employees in GE. The company operates through different sector. GE consistently ranks as the most admired and respected company in the world. Profit of GE grows consistently. Company serves customers in more than 100 countries. Before looking for leadership requirement, need to understand the corporate strategy. Leadership requirement can be planned based on that. CEO of GE believes that ideal situation for a global firm was to have its factory on a barge that you could move around the world to wherever it was the best competitive environment at the time. Their strategy is to expand business globally, instead of just looking for alliances. Fast moving Globalisation opens new opportunities for a global firm like GE. Hence leadership requirement at GE is tremendous. They need leaders at various levels. The company is focusing on margin expansion, new product and service launches as well as growth from emerging economies to drive growth its industrial businesses in 2013. Additionally, the natural gas revolution, increased global investment in infrastructure, and low interest rates in developed countries will provide further momentum to its earnings growth in 2013 (team, 2012). These new strategies hopefully drive them to big success. But they need leaders not only in quantity but also in quality. 3.2 Plan for the development of future situations requiring leadership Requirement of leaders in the GE increases. Leaders are not only required in the top level but also in the various bottom levels also. A good leader is always prepared for the any kind of challenge. He acts quickly and accurately according to the given situation. We can say that a good leader takes the right decision at the right time. Leadership plan and programs are necessary for the development of future situations requiring leadership. Leadership Programs: ââ¬â GE has various leadership programs. As part of their strategy to achieve commercial excellence and drive organic growth, they are developing a pipeline of strong sales and marketing leaders at GE throughà the Commercial Leadership Program (CLP). CLP offers a curriculum that boosts the development of commercial skills and techniques that are critical to success in all GE businesses. CLP prepares candidates for a successful career in sales or commercial operations by providing the opportunity to learn about GEââ¬â¢s products, industry, and customers while making valuable contributions to the on-going success of GE. Those programs are very effective. They need to add more values to those programs. Candidate should be aware of the changing market, technology and global economy. Leadership opportunities: ââ¬â even though, GE spent more than $1 billion annually in training and development of programs, a global company having more than 300,000 employees and serving in more than 100 countries, that one billion is not an adequate amount. As compared to their profit growth, they need more to build leadership qualities in their employees. Human resource leadership program: ââ¬â In GEââ¬â¢s Human Resources Leadership Progr am people are gaining real-world business experience, contributing to GE businesses and getting in line for HR leadership roles across the company. HRLPs can build countless HR leaders within GE. Experienced commercial leadership programs: ââ¬â The Experienced Commercial Leadership Program (ECLP) prepares MBA graduates and experienced professionals for GE leadership roles in marketing and sales. The two-year rotational program offers opportunities for individuals to drive growth within a business, receive world-class commercial and leadership training, and be part of a global network of marketing and sales leaders 4.1 Plan the development of leadership skills for a specific requirement Leadership skills are the key ingredient required for a good leader. Some would say key ingredient in management. The basic leadership skills required in most situations are same. But under certain specific condition, they need specific skills. The basic skill required for leaders are explained below. Integrity: ââ¬â this is the basic quality of a leader. This quality makes people trust the leader. Trust is essential in all human relations. Confidence: ââ¬â it is essential quality for all leaders. Developing self-confidence is the preliminary to becoming a leader. Self-awareness: ââ¬â People who have a high degree of self-awareness recognize how their feelings affect them, other people, and their job performance. They can speak openly and accurately about their limitations. Self-regulation: ââ¬â People who are in control of their feelings and suddenà temptation are able to create an environment of trust and fairness. Appropriate self-regulators are usually thoughtful and resist making impulsive decisions. These are definite qualities of a good leader. Motivation: ââ¬â it is an important skill required for skills. Only effective leaders can motivate followers. Social skills: ââ¬â social skill is necessary to build relations. Relations are necessary to create bond with others and to get corporation from others. Communication skills: ââ¬â to deliver leaderââ¬â¢s idea properly, communication skill is very necessary. A good communicator can pay attention and listen carefully. Lead by example: ââ¬â One of the best ways to lead is by example ââ¬â use where needed, lending a helping hand, and making sure that the work you do is clearly understood by your team. Leadership skills strataplex: ââ¬â Leadership skill requirements are often described as being stratified by organizational level. The term strataplex captures the stratified and complex nature of the leadership skill requirements and their relationship with level in the organization. Leadership skill requirement is classified into four groups. 1. Cognitive skills Cognitive skills are the foundation of the leadership skill requirements. They are comprised of those skills related to basic cognitive capacities, such as collecting, processing, and disseminating information and learning and are the fundamental skills required for a large portion of the activities in which leaders are engaged (Mumford, 2007) .These skills include skills like oral communication, written communication, ability to learn and adapt etc. 2. Interpersonal Skills These are skill relating to interacting with and influencing others. Examples are skills required for coordination of actions, negotiation skills etc. 3. Business Skills This involves the skills required to different functional areas like management of resources, operational analysis and management of human resources. 4. Strategic Skills Strategic skill requirements are highly conceptual skills needed to take a systems perspective to understand complexity, deal with ambiguity, and toà effect influence in the organization (Mumford, 2007). This includes skills for planning, visioning etc. ââ¬Å"Leaders are not born, they are grownâ⬠- this is the word by the father of management, Peter Drucker. Leadership ability is not an inborn skill most times. This can develop through practices. Doesnââ¬â¢t require talents, but commitment is necessary. The great leaders have chosen to be just that, and then developed the skills that are required. Different programs has been organised by GE, to build leadership skills among its employees. 1. Entry level program or Commercial leadership program (CLP) is an example for it. The CLP is a 12 to 24 month program that develops marketing and sales skills through a strong core curriculum and challenging assignments. 2. Experienced program: Human Resource Leadership program (HRLP). GEââ¬â¢s HRLP is a two year program that includes three job assignments, global cross-business projects, and in-class and virtual training. 3. Experienced Commercial Leadership program (ELCP). The ECLP program consists of three, eight-month rotational assignments within the marketing and sales functions of one of GEââ¬â¢s businesses (GE, Experienced Program, 2013).4. Operation management Leadership program (OMLP): OMLP accelerates development of entry-level talent and produces leaders capable of meeting the challenges facing the Operations, Supply Chain, Manufacturing and Quality functions at GE (GE, Entry level program, 2013). 4.2 Report on the usefulness of methods used to plan the development of leadership skills There are lot of methods to plan the development of leadership skills. Different methods are useful in different situations. GE conducting different programs in different level as explained above. Leadership programs are amazing platforms within GE that are designed to build the next generation of leaders. Commercial leadership program (CLP) provides candidates with valuable training, experience and exposure to a team of motivated colleagues and helpful mentors that can accelerate their careers. HRLP (Human Resource Leadership program) has created countless generations of HR leaders at GE. The program continues today and still focuses on taking talented people, providing them with globally diverse challenging experiences, and developing them into world-class HR leaders. Candidates will have formal training, rotation, seminars, business simulations and community service activities. Experienced Commercialà Leadership Programs (ECLP) offers opportunities for individuals to drive growth within a business, receive world-class commercial and leadership training, and be part of a global network of marketing and sales leaders (GE, Experienced Program, 2013). OMLP (Entry level Program) is a two-year program consisting of four six-month rotations that allow members to build leadership and functional skills through challenging rotational assignments and world-class training (GE, Entry level program, 2013) . Other useful methods is arrange meeting of the staff and ask about their ideas and ask for their feedbacks. The best method, however, is getting feedback from the staffs. Another way of developing leadership skills is to get familiar with your followers. It will help you in understanding their feelings and their needs, which in turn will help you in managing their needs. Different plan for the development leadership skills includes conducting seminar, training programs, meetings, job rotations etc. Conclusion This assignment is used to explain the link between strategic management and leadership. Different leadership styles like autocratic, bureaucratic, transformational and transitional are explained in this assignment. The effects of various styles on strategic decision making are explained. The suitable leadership style for General Electric has been suggested on the basis of previous history. Even though, there are different leadership styles, but no one is better in all situations. Style should be adapted according to the business situation, team members and culture of the organisation. Different leadership theories are discussed in the assignment. Situational theories and contingency theories have been applied. The situations in which different theories can be applied are explained. Different leadership styles and their role are explained. Anyone can become a good leader by adopting certain skills and techniques and applying them in their daily life. Because leaders are not born, but they are grown, great word by Peter Drucker. Good leaders know how to use different styles in a balanced way. In this competitive world, organisation can only sustain if and only if they can bring strong leaders. There are different ways of enhancing the leadership skills for future requirements. And there should be a plan of developing these skills. The plan should cover all the current andà future needs for leadership and is helpful in the overall progress of the organization. A leader is a person who provides the vision for the future. Developing leadership skills in our personality will help us to explore more opportunities in our future. Bibliography Claudel, P. (2011). Leadership style : A powerful model. TJ. Derue, S. (2011). Trait and behavioural theories of leadership. Michigan. GE. (2013). Entry level program. Retrieved 2013, from www.ge.com: http://www.ge.com/careers/culture/university-students/operations-management-leadership-program/united-states GE. (2013). Entry level program. Retrieved may 5, 2013, from www.ge.com: http://www.ge.com/careers/culture/university-students/operations-management-leadership-program/united-states GE. (2013). Experienced Program. Retrieved 2013, from www.ge.com: http://www.ge.com/careers/culture/university-students/experienced-commercial-leadership-program/india GE. (2013). Experienced Program. Retrieved May 5, 2013, from www.ge.com: http://www.ge.com/careers/culture/university-students/experienced-commercial-leadership-program/india GE. (2013). Leadership program. Retrieved May 4, 2013, from www.ge.com: http://www.ge.com/careers/culture/university-students/information-technology-leadership-pro gram/india GE. (2013, January 1). Leadership Programs. Retrieved May 5, 2013, from www.ge.com: http://www.ge.com/in/careers/leadership_program/index.html Goleman, D. (2004). Leadership That Gets Result. Harvard Business review. Henman. (2007). Leadership theories. London. J.Goertzen, B. (2010). Contemporary theories of leadership. kevin. (2007, March 6). 12 lesson from Jack Welchââ¬â¢s leadership style . Retrieved March 28, 2013, from www.vietnamworks.com: advice.vietnamworks.com/en/hiring/effective-management/twelve-lessons-jack-welch-s-leadership-style.html-0 Mumford, T. V. (2007). The leadership skills strataplex. United states. Nancy. (2007, April 7). Leadership style: Decision making. Retrieved May 5, 2013, from www.springboard.com: gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-15052208342183202992020-01-02T02:24:00.001-08:002020-01-02T02:24:03.467-08:00Essay on Revenge in Hamlet - 892 Words Revenge in Hamlet It is natural human instinct for a son to feel offended over the death of his father. So is the instance of the two young princes, both spurned by the sudden death of King Hamlet toward destinies of avenging fallen fathers, which emerge to permit comparisons in Shakespeares great tragedy Hamlet. In the first act of the play Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, and Fortinbras, Prince of Norway, both are fatherless heirs whose uncles occupy the throne of their respected countries. Both princes seek revenge for the events relating to the death of their fathers while their uncles and kings oppose their nephews, plotting to accomplish their own objectives. However, by what is learned in the brief sidelined accounts ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Whereas Fortinbras directs his vengeance toward a target outside his family and country, Hamlets enemy is exposed within the very core of Denmark, his own family. As a ghost from the grave, King Hamlet returns to reveal to his son that Claudius, the kings very brother caused his death by pouring poison into his ear while he slept. This earth quaking news is compounded with the recent marriage of now King Claudius to Hamlets short mourning mother, Gertrude. If the offenses of treason, parricide murder, and adultery were not enough to incite Hamlet to avenge his father, the ghost gives a fourth reason. This unexpected death was most untimely for King Hamlet because he had not repented for the sins he had accumulated throughout his life; thus, a sentence of suffering in purgatory withholds his entrance to heaven. Unlike Prince Fortinbrass goal of seeking retribution by recovering what was lost upon his fathers death, the ghost of King Hamlet calls his son to avenge him for deeds and responsibilities that remained even after his life left his body. For this most foul, strange, and unnatural(1.5.29) murder Prince Hamlet pledges to avenge his father by killing his uncle, king, and mothers husband, Claudius, without harming the Queen. By gathering a list of lawless resolutes for food and diet to some enterprise that hath a stomach in t, which is no other... Fortinbras sought to accomplishShow MoreRelatedRevenge in Hamlet1070 Words à |à 5 Pagesmost tragic story lines of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s plays, Hamlet is definitely one of them. In William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s play Hamlet, Fortinbras, Hamlet and Laertes each demonstrate the ways revenge leads to tragedy when they are unable to cope with the loss of a loved one. Young Fortinbras has intentions of honoring his fatherââ¬â¢s loss by gaining the territory that was rightfully theirs. The lengths he is willing to go compare to Hamletââ¬â¢s determination to seek revenge upon his uncle, and fatherââ¬â¢s murderer, ClaudiusRead MoreEssay on Revenge in Hamlet912 Words à |à 4 Pageslanguage. Shakespeare wrote hundreds of pieces, from sonnets to plays. Hamlet is one of his most well-known plays. There isnââ¬â¢t any shortage of revenge in Hamlet, and so that is the theme weââ¬â¢ll be discussing. Hamlet and Laertes are the most obvious character with revenge in their minds, and thatââ¬â¢s who weââ¬â¢ll be focusing on throughout the essay. Two months before the beginning of the play, the King Hamlet dies. The King shows himself to two guards, Barnardo and Francisco, atRead MoreTheme Of Revenge In Hamlet1763 Words à |à 8 PagesRevenge is one of the deepest instincts common to humanity. Different people emit different purposes of revenge and are most likely filled with an internal confliction of emotions. Once that individual gets his/her revenge, a feeling of justice is established in the mind. Unfortunately, many people blindly take revenge without thinking of their actions or the consequences and believe that they will be able to move on after they take revenge. 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The theme revenge can lead to death is seenRead More Revenge In Hamlet Essay1109 Words à |à 5 Pages Hamlet nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hamlet is a classic example of a tragedy as Hamlet suffers while trying to avenge his fathers death and eventually dies at the end while attempting to do so. Hamlet feels empty without resolution to his fatheramp;#8217;s death and since there is no justice system that is going to reveal the truth about his fatheramp;#8217;s death, he must take it into his own hands. Hamlet delays killing Claudius for a long time after the ghost appears. Hamlet delays hisRead MoreRevenge And Justice In Hamlet968 Words à |à 4 Pagessaid, ââ¬Å"Revenge is the act of passion, vengeance is an act of justice.â⬠Many people seek revenge and try to disguise it as justice. Revenge can either be justifiable or unjustifiable based on the circumstances of the offense. Someoneââ¬â¢s vengeance can be the establishment of justice, but revenge is not always justice. Revenge is defined as the action of inflicting hurt or harm on someone for an injury or wrong suffered at their han ds (Webster Dictionary). Justice is based on actions while revenge is basedRead MoreRevenge in Hamlet Essay1152 Words à |à 5 PagesIn his play Hamlet, William Shakespeare frequently utilizes the word ââ¬Å"revengeâ⬠and images associated with this word in order to illustrate the idea that the pursuit of revenge has caused the downfall of many people. He builds up the idea that revenge causes people to act recklessly through anger rather than reason. In Hamlet, Fortinbras, Laertes and Hamlet all seek to avenge the deaths of their fathers. Hamlet and Laertes manage to avenge their fatherââ¬â¢s deaths and in doing so, both rely more on theirRead MoreEssay On Revenge In Hamlet723 Words à |à 3 Pages Hamlet essay ââ¬Å"An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a toothâ⬠is a widely known statement referring to revenge, though many donââ¬â¢t know the origins of the saying. The thing is, however, is it truly that simple? Or does revenge cause more problems than it solves? In the case of the play Hamlet, written by Shakespeare in the sixteenth century, it could be argued that it changes the way that people would look at revenge and put a spotlight on its complexities. In Hamlets quest for revenge for his fatherââ¬â¢s gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-67942242018337793332019-12-24T22:09:00.001-08:002019-12-24T22:09:04.026-08:00Corporate Governance and Business Ethics Case Study ASSIGNMENT NO.1 Subject: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Topic: Business Ethics scenario Case Study Date: 7th March 2011 Submitted by: Miss. Janhavi R Joshi Submitted to: Professor Mrs. Monica Khanna 1. Receiving a Holiday Gift: A supplier sends a basket of expensive foodstuffs to your home at Christmas with a card: We hope you and your family enjoy the goodies.. What action(s) might you want to take? Answer: Ethical dilemma: There are two reasons for such generosity from the Supplier. One could be that there is a long standing relationship with the supplier, and therefore the supplier is genuinely sending these gifts with no other intention than Christmas greetings. But the second reason and the most likely one is thatâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This is ethical means to still show some benefit to the client and not yielding to the un- reasonable demands. If the purchasing manager is till adamant about pursuing the previous offer there is no point in going ahead with this client. 4. References: A large, prospective client calls you and asks about a competitors reputation. One of your long time customers had a very bad experience with this competitor. What information do you share with the prospect? How do you respond to the prospect call? Answer: Ethical dilemma: The purpose of the client in asking this question is not clear. He may want to judge my company/values on basis of my response to this question. Most probably the prospective client is already aware of the reputation of that competitor. Bad mouthing a competitor is not ethical and also putting the competitor down and hence trying to enhance ones companies image is as well not the right thing to do. Divulging information that my existing- long- time client has shared with me, to an outsider (the person is only a prospective client) would not be fair. But the catch here is that if I say all/only pleasant things about my competitor the prospective client may have doubts about doing business with myShow MoreRelatedCase Studies of Business Ethics Corporate Governance3354 Words à |à 14 PagesAn Assignment of Business Ethics amp; Corporate Governance CASE STUDIES Module I BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY December 3, 2009, marked the 25th anniversary of the worlds worst ever industrial disaster - the gas leak that occurred at Union Carbide India Ltds (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh, India). The tragedy that instantly killed more than 3,000 people and left thousands injured and affected for life, occurred when water entered Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) storage tank No. 610Read MoreWhat Must Be Done to Improve Ethics in Finance and Corporate Governance?1211 Words à |à 5 PagesU10A2- Essay Louise Pettiford What must be done to improve ethics in finance and corporate governance? Corporate governance can be referred to the rules, processes, or laws by which businesses are operated, regulated and controlled. It can also refer to internal factors defined by the officers, stockholders or constitution of a corporation. After finding the meaning of Corporate governance, which can also be referred to corporate responsibility, I thought about the policies in which the companyRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Corporate And Management Strategies Essay876 Words à |à 4 PagesIntroduction- An Overview It is a viable alternative to apply CSR in Corporate and management strategies to outclass competing companies. An organization by carrying out its ethical principles and convictions in their activities and propagating them via organizational network influences the relationship with shareholders, clients and employees. 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After a brief introductory discussion of the Nortel Case, a greater understanding of the ethical ramifications of the situation will be facilitated by answering five key questions. Nortel Case Study: Ethics Applied Introduction: Over the last two decades the business world has been rocked by several prominent business scandals such as Enron, WorldCom and Goldman Sachs. Business scandals are not some new phenomena; but with the increasingly global nature of business and industryRead MoreInformation technology for managers1289 Words à |à 6 Pages and Japan. Locate your local office at: international.cengage.com/region Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. For your lifelong learning solutions, visit www.cengage.com/coursetechnology Visit our corporate website at www.cengage.com Microsoft, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Vista are registered trademarks of Microsoftà ® Corporation. 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Forensic accountant are very important part of the business for the expert services gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-35615476568236595852019-12-16T18:39:00.001-08:002019-12-16T18:39:04.163-08:00Things You Should Know About College Essay Samples Columbia Things You Should Know About College Essay Samples Columbia What You Don't Know About College Essay Samples Columbia Be certain you realize the assignment properly. It's very beneficial to take writing apart so as to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. The title of the assignment will normally let you know what you have to write about. The classes are scheduled at a time convenient for the entire class, and you don't have to awaken early if you don't own a morning class. There are a lot of unique topics it's possible to pursue for your Why Columbia essay. 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Reviewing some narrative essay examples will be able to help you to organize your information and help you decide how to compose each paragraph to acquire the best outcomes. gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1902233351553962696.post-39582053620081859352019-12-08T15:23:00.001-08:002019-12-08T15:23:03.240-08:00Some Major Of Informatics of Environmental â⬠Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About the Some Major of Informatics of Environmental? Answer: Introduction This paper reflects on informatics and its utilization within an organization named Woolworths. Informatics is defined as the art and science of information that mainly engages in studying the behavior, structure as interactions of various natural as well as computational systems (Masters 2015).It mainly helps in saturating both personal as well as professional lives of an individual. The assignment mainly discusses the importance of informatics and some of the major types that include business informatics, media informatics, social informatics, health informatics, environmental informatics as well as legal informatics. The paper elaborates several classic themes of informatics in context to various technologies within Woolworths. This assignment also illustrates awareness about the process that is utilized for fitting the technologies within the goals. Informatics Informatics refers to the application as well as study of information technology in context to science, professions as well as arts for utilizing it in various organizations as well as society. Informatics is one of the developing fields in organization like Woolworths. Informatics generally utilize computing in order to solve various types of challenges, which are associated with privacy as well as security of Woolworths.(Nelson and Staggers 2017). It is analyzed that all the applications that are associated with informatics are generally computer based and as a result, the applications are quite helpful in enhancing various types of techniques as well as tools from various fields that include multimedia as well as interaction design within the organization Woolworths. Informatics is quite different from both computer engineering as well as computer science as it strongly focuses on the human utilization of computing for managing data processing as well as data retrieval. Some major types of informatics Business Informatics Business Informatics is defined as a discipline that is combined with the concepts of informatics, information technology as well as management. Woolworths utilizes business informatics, which is very much similar to information system for various significant implementation as well as construction-oriented elements. (Fritz et al. 2014). It is analyzed that the focus of Woolworths is to utilize business informatics on the development of solutions that are related with business problems rather depending on the ex-post investigation. It assists in integrating various core elements that include information system, computer science as well as business administration of Woolworths. Media Informatics Media informatics in Woolworths generally deals with the processes that are utilized by humans for seeking, using, sharing, manipulating, storing, retrieving various significant digital multimedia (Keating 2014). Media informatics helps in educating talented as well as capable individuals for achieving high level of proper significant knowledge in various fields that are associated with development of technological innovations in context to Woolworths. The media informatics also assists in encouraging a proper comprehensive knowledge about various types of issues that are presented in multifaceted dimensions and assists in nurturing various abilities for resolving the issues that are associated with Woolworths. Social Informatics Woolworths uses Social informatics as a approach that utilizes both information as well as communication tool in either cultural or institutional contexts. It generally helps in referring to the body of research that helps in examining the aspect of social computerization, which comprises of various roles of information technologies in Woolworths (Duschek et al. 2013). Social informatics generally helps in referring to an interdisciplinary study that helps in elaborating the design, uses as well as various consequences of information technology that generally takes into account with the help of various cultural as well as institutional contexts within the company Woolworths. Health Informatics Woolworths wants to utilize Health informatics just like other informatics in order to deal with various types of problems that the organization is facing in the absence of healthcare section. The organization wants to apply the technology to various areas that include public health, pharmacy as well as dentistry in the coming future (Magnuson and Fu 2014). It is analyzed that health informatics is considered as one of the rapidly growing areas in various fields that are associated with health care sector and therefore adoption of health informatics within Woolworths will be advantageous. Health informatics mainly assists in getting proper information in one of the easiest way. This is because the concept mainly comprises of technology utilization. Environmental informatics Environmental informatics in context to Woolworths is utilized for providing proper information processing as well as communication infrastructure to various interdisciplinary fields (Trinka et al. 2015). According to the natural research council, environmental informatics is used as a research as well as system development that mainly focuses on various environmental sciences that is related to the creation, storage, processing, modeling, interpretation as well as dissemination of various data and information with the organization Woolworths. The organization mainly uses environmental informatics in order to manage various types of problems, which are associated with creation of various information, storage as well as processing of various data and information. Legal informatics Legal informatics in context to Woolworths is incorporated for achieving proper advancement in technology that have created some new models in order to deliver different types of legal services. Legal informatics generally assists in pertaining various applications of informatics with the legal environment, which includes law-related to Woolworths, as well as users of both information as well as information technologies within the organization (Ammenwerth and Rigby 2016). It is analyzed that legal informatics helps in reflecting proper theories as well as practices that are helpful in managing different type of information. It generally helps in covering both the information as well as legal theory. Art Informatics The concept of art informatics can be utilized in Woolworths in the coming future. It can be utilized within the various centers of Woolworths in order to deals with information that assists in creating art production experience as well as dissemination. It can also be helpful in providing technological knowledge about various theoretical as well as intrinsic parts, which assists in drawing on the base of various courses for establishing interdisciplinary related breadth with the centers of Woolworths. (Sin et al. 2015). It also helps in emphasizing various collaborative research as well as innovative interdisciplinary that generally aims at meeting different challenges that arises during creation of art in context to interdisciplinary, technological as well as collaborative enabled settings. Identify how the classic themes of informatics relate to various technologies within an organization. It is analyzed that there are number of features of informatics, which can be considered as classical themes of informatics. The various features of informatics include conferencing, scheduling, document sharing, personal messaging as well as link sharing. Informatics generally assists in processing different types of data in Woolworths for storing as well as retrieving them appropriately (Munasinghe 2014). It is identified that informatics is utilized in the organization Woolworths and the classic themes of informatics is associated with different technologies that are utilized in that specific organization. The technologies that are used in Woolworths include tracking system, advanced LinkedIn, seamless integration, network relationship management as well as Hr analytics and intelligence. It is analyzed that the classic theme of document sharing assists Woolworths to publish their documents on the website by utilizing simple web based system. The organizations utilize their technology by utilizing informatics in link sharing (Nkuipou et al. 2014). This helps Woolworths to share appropriate links on the internet and the links that are shared are mainly sorted as per the topic that is created. One of the main advantages is that Woolworths can utilize various technologies by integrating automatically with scheduling. This is possible only due to help that is provided by the informatics. Thus, it is analyzed that the organizational technologies are generally related with the classic themes of informatics. Demonstrate an awareness of how the identified technologies fit into the goalsof the organization It is analyzed that various types of technologies that are utilized within Woolworths with the help of informatics are very much important in meeting various goals as well as objectives. It is identified that the various technologies helps in providing proper guidance as well as direction, facilitates planning, assists in motivating as well as inspiring employees and also helps in evaluating the organizational goals as well as control performance (Nelson and Staggers 2017). The technologies are helpful in managing various functions as well as operations of the organization that reflects that the identified technologies plays a great role in achieving the goals as well as objectives of the organization (Munasinghe 2014). Various identified technology helps in improving communication, enhancing human capital increasing efficiency as well as mobility so that the business organization can successfully compete in the market. The advantages that are provided by the identified technology in directly help in achieving the objectives as well as goals of the organization (Magnuson and 2014). It is analyzed that the identified technologies also assists in inventory management, data management, of information system and also assists in managing customer relation which not only helps in achieving the goals as well as objectives of the organization but also helps in Conclusion It can be concluded that informatics plays a great role in processing various types of data by storing as well as retrieving it appropriately within Woolworths. It is analyzed that Informatics is one of the developing fields that utilize computing in order to solve various types of challenges, which are associated with privacy, security as well as healthcare. Informatics is utilized in the organizations and the classic themes of informatics are associated with different technologies that are utilized by Woolworths. References Ammenwerth, E. and Rigby, M. eds., 2016.Evidence-Based Health Informatics: Promoting Safety and Efficiency Through Scientific Methods and Ethical Policy(Vol. 222). IOS Press. Duschek, S., Werner, N.S. and Reyes del Paso, G.A., 2013. The behavioral impact of baroreflex function: a review.Psychophysiology,50(12), pp.1183-1193. Fritz, T., Huang, E.M., Murphy, G.C. and Zimmermann, T., 2014, April. Persuasive technology in the real world: a study of long-term use of activity sensing devices for fitness. InProceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 487-496). ACM. Keating, S.B., 2014.Curriculum development and evaluation in nursing. Springer Publishing Company. Magnuson, J.A. and Fu, P.C., 2014.Public health informatics and information systems. London, UK: Springer. Masters, K. (2015).Role development in professional nursing practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Munasinghe, M. ed., 2014.Computers and informatics in developing countries. Butterworth-Heinemann. Nelson, R. and Staggers, N., 2017.Health informatics: An interprofessional approach. Elsevier Health Sciences. Nkuipou-Kenfack, E., Duranton, F., Gayrard, N., Argils, ., Lundin, U., Weinberger, K.M., Dakna, M., Delles, C., Mullen, W., Husi, H. and Klein, J., 2014. Assessment of metabolomic and proteomic biomarkers in detection and prognosis of progression of renal function in chronic kidney disease.PLoS One,9(5), p.e96955. Sin, T.K., Tam, B.T., Yung, B.Y., Yip, S.P., Chan, L.W., Wong, C.S., Ying, M., Rudd, J.A. and Siu, P.M., 2015. Resveratrol protects against doxorubicin?induced cardiotoxicity in aged hearts through the SIRT1?USP7 axis.The Journal of physiology,593(8), pp.1887-1899. Trinka, E., Cock, H., Hesdorffer, D., Rossetti, A.O., Scheffer, I.E., Shinnar, S., Shorvon, S. and Lowenstein, D.H., 2015. A definition and classification of status epilepticusReport of the ILAE Task Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus.Epilepsia,56(10), pp.1515-1523. gaylelong1998http://www.blogger.com/profile/10446339633863458278noreply@blogger.com0